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should commence the approach via the published
feeder route; i.e., the aircraft would not be expected
to overfly the feeder route and return to it. The pilot
is expected to commence the approach in a similar
manner at the IAF, if the IAF for the procedure is
located along the route of flight to the holding fix.
c. If a route of flight directly to the initial approach
fix is desired, it should be so stated by the controller
with phraseology to include the words “direct . . . ,”
“proceed direct” or a similar phrase which the pilot
can interpret without question. When uncertain of the
clearance, immediately query ATC as to what route of
flight is desired.
d. The name of an instrument approach, as
published, is used to identify the approach, even
though a component of the approach aid, such as the
glideslope on an Instrument Landing System, is
inoperative or unreliable. The controller will use the
name of the approach as published, but must advise
the aircraft at the time an approach clearance is issued
that the inoperative or unreliable approach aid
component is unusable.
5−4−7. Instrument Approach Procedures
a. Aircraft approach category means a grouping of
aircraft based on a speed of VREF, if specified, or if
VREF is not specified, 1.3 VSO at the maximum
certified landing weight. VREF, VSO, and the
maximum certified landing weight are those values as
established for the aircraft by the certification
authority of the country of registry. A pilot must use
the minima corresponding to the category determined
during certification or higher. Helicopters may use
Category A minima. If it is necessary to operate at a
speed in excess of the upper limit of the speed range
for an aircraft’s category, the minimums for the
higher category must be used. For example, an
airplane which fits into Category B, but is circling to
land at a speed of 145 knots, must use the approach
Category D minimums. As an additional example, a
Category A airplane (or helicopter) which is
operating at 130 knots on a straight−in approach must
use the approach Category C minimums. See the
following category limits:
1. Category A: Speed less than 91 knots.
2. Category B: Speed 91 knots or more but less
than 121 knots.
3. Category C: Speed 121 knots or more but
less than 141 knots.
4. Category D: Speed 141 knots or more but
less than 166 knots.
5. Category E: Speed 166 knots or more.
NOTE−
VREF in the above definition refers to the speed used in
establishing the approved landing distance under the
airworthiness regulations constituting the type
certification basis of the airplane, regardless of whether
that speed for a particular airplane is 1.3 VSO, 1.23 VSR, or
some higher speed required for airplane controllability.
This speed, at the maximum certificated landing weight,
determines the lowest applicable approach category for
all approaches regardless of actual landing weight.
b. When operating on an unpublished route or
while being radar vectored, the pilot, when an
approach clearance is received, shall, in addition to
complying with the minimum altitudes for IFR
operations (14 CFR Section 91.177), maintain the
last assigned altitude unless a different altitude is
assigned by ATC, or until the aircraft is established on
a segment of a published route or IAP. After the
aircraft is so established, published altitudes apply to
descent within each succeeding route or approach
segment unless a different altitude is assigned by
ATC. Notwithstanding this pilot responsibility, for
aircraft operating on unpublished routes or while
being radar vectored, ATC will, except when
conducting a radar approach, issue an IFR approach
clearance only after the aircraft is established on a
segment of a published route or IAP, or assign an
altitude to maintain until the aircraft is established on
a segment of a published route or instrument
approach procedure. For this purpose, the procedure
turn of a published IAP shall not be considered a
segment of that IAP until the aircraft reaches the
A71I1M0.65R CHG 2 37//1315//078
2/14/Arrival Procedures 5-4-25
initial fix or navigation facility upon which the
procedure turn is predicated.
EXAMPLECross
Redding VOR at or above five thousand, cleared
VOR runway three four approach.
or
Five miles from outer marker, turn right heading three three
zero, maintain two thousand until established on the
localizer, cleared ILS runway three six approach.
NOTEThe
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