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5−4−19. Side-step Maneuver
a. ATC may authorize a standard instrument
approach procedure which serves either one of
parallel runways that are separated by 1,200 feet or
less followed by a straight-in landing on the adjacent
runway.
b. Aircraft that will execute a side-step maneuver
will be cleared for a specified approach procedure
and landing on the adjacent parallel runway.
Example, “cleared ILS runway 7 left approach,
side-step to runway 7 right.” Pilots are expected to
commence the side-step maneuver as soon as
possible after the runway or runway environment is
in sight.
NOTE−
Side−step minima are flown to a Minimum Descent Altitude
(MDA) regardless of the approach authorized.
c. Landing minimums to the adjacent runway will
be based on nonprecision criteria and therefore higher
than the precision minimums to the primary runway,
but will normally be lower than the published circling
minimums.
5−4−20. Approach and Landing Minimums
a. Landing Minimums. The rules applicable to
landing minimums are contained in 14 CFR
Section 91.175. TBL 5−4−1 may be used to convert
RVR to ground or flight visibility. For converting
RVR values that fall between listed values, use the
next higher RVR value; do not interpolate. For
example, when converting 1800 RVR, use 2400 RVR
with the resultant visibility of 1/2 mile.
TBL 5−4−1
RVR Value Conversions
RVR Visibility
(statute miles)
1600 1/4
2400 1/2
3200 5/8
4000 3/4
4500 7/8
5000 1
6000 1 1/4
b. Obstacle Clearance. Final approach obstacle
clearance is provided from the start of the final
segment to the runway or missed approach point,
whichever occurs last. Side-step obstacle protection
is provided by increasing the width of the final
approach obstacle clearance area.
1. Circling approach protected areas are defined
by the tangential connection of arcs drawn from each
runway end. The arc radii distance differs by aircraft
approach category (see FIG 5−4−23). Because of
obstacles near the airport, a portion of the circling
area may be restricted by a procedural note: e.g.,
“Circling NA E of RWY 17−35.” Obstacle clearance
is provided at the published minimums (MDA) for
the pilot who makes a straight−in approach,
side−steps, or circles. Once below the MDA the pilot
must see and avoid obstacles. Executing the missed
approach after starting to maneuver usually places the
aircraft beyond the MAP. The aircraft is clear of
obstacles when at or above the MDA while inside the
circling area, but simply joining the missed approach
ground track from the circling maneuver may not
provide vertical obstacle clearance once the aircraft
exits the circling area. Additional climb inside the
circling area may be required before joining the
missed approach track. See paragraph 5−4−21,
Missed Approach, for additional considerations
when starting a missed approach at other than the
MAP.
FIG 5−4−23
Final Approach Obstacle Clearance
CIRCLING APPROACH AREA RADII
CIRCLING APPROACH AREA
RADI (r) DEFINING SIZE
OF AREAS, VARY WITH THE
APPROACH CATEGORY
r
r
r
r
r
ABCDE
1.3
1.5
1.7
2.3
4.5
Approach Category Radius (Miles)
7/31/08 AIM
AIM 2/14/08
5-4-46 Arrival Procedures
2. Precision Obstacle Free Zone (POFZ). A
volume of airspace above an area beginning at the
runway threshold, at the threshold elevation, and
centered on the extended runway centerline. The
POFZ is 200 feet (60m) long and 800 feet (240m)
wide. The POFZ must be clear when an aircraft on a
vertically guided final approach is within 2 nautical
miles of the runway threshold and the reported ceiling
is below 250 feet or visibility less than 3/4 statute mile
(SM) (or runway visual range below 4,000 feet). If the
POFZ is not clear, the MINIMUM authorized height
above touchdown (HAT) and visibility is 250feet and
3/4 SM. The POFZ is considered clear even if the wing
of the aircraft holding on a taxiway waiting for
runway clearance penetrates the POFZ; however,
neither the fuselage nor the tail may infringe on the
POFZ. The POFZ is applicable at all runway ends
including displaced thresholds.
FIG 5-4-24
NOTEThe
target date for mandatory POFZ compliance from every airport nationally is January 1, 2007.
A71I1M0.65R CHG 2 37//1315//078
2/14/Arrival Procedures 5−4−47
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