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Waning Crescent - The Moon appears to be partly but less than one-half illuminated by
direct sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's disk that is illuminated is decreasing.
AIM 2/14/08
10-2-10 Special Operations
1. The percent of the Moon's surface illuminated
is a more refined, quantitative description of the
Moon's appearance than is the phase. Considering the
Moon as a circular disk, at New Moon the percent
illuminated is 0; at First and Last Quarters it is 50%;
and at Full Moon it is 100%. During the crescent
phases the percent illuminated is between 0 and 50%
and during gibbous phases it is between 50% and
100%.
2. For practical purposes, phases of the Moon
and the percent of the Moon illuminated are
independent of the location on the Earth from where
the Moon is observed. That is, all the phases occur at
the same time regardless of the observer's position.
3. For more detailed information, refer to the
United States Naval Observatory site referenced
below.
d. Access to Astronomical Data for Determination
of Moon Rise, Moon Set, and Percentage of
Lunar Disk Illuminated
1. Astronomical data for the determination of
Moon rise and set and Moon phase may be obtained
from the United States Naval Observatory using an
interactive query available at:
http://aa.usno.navy.mil/
2. Click on “Data Services,” and then on
“Complete Sun and Moon Data for One Day.”
3. You can obtain the times of sunrise, sunset,
moonrise, moonset, transits of the Sun and Moon, and
the beginning and end of civil twilight, along with
information on the Moon's phase by specifying the
date and location in one of the two forms on this web
page and clicking on the “Get data” button at the end
of the form. Form “A” is used for cities or towns in the
U.S. or its territories. Form “B” for all other locations.
An example of the data available from this site is
shown in TBL 10-2-2.
4. Additionally, a yearly table may be
constructed for a particular location by using the
“Table of Sunrise/Sunset, Moonrise/Moonset, or
Twilight Times for an Entire Year” selection.
TBL 10-2-2
Sample of Astronomical Data Available
from the Naval Observatory
The following information is provided for
NewOrleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana
(longitude W90.1, latitude N30.0)
Tuesday
29 May 2007
Central Daylight Time
SUN
Begin civil twilight 5:34 a.m.
Sunrise 6:01 a.m.
Sun transit 12:58 p.m.
Sunset 7:55 p.m.
End civil twilight 8:22 p.m.
MOON
Moonrise 5:10 p.m. on preceding day
Moonset 4:07 a.m.
Moonrise 6:06 p.m.
Moon transit 11:26 p.m.
Moonset 4:41 a.m. on following day
Phase of the Moon on 29 May: waxing gibbous with
95% of the Moon's visible disk illuminated.
Full Moon on 31 May 2007 at 8:04 p.m. Central
Daylight Time.
10-2-3. Landing Zone Safety
a. This information is provided for use by
helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS)
pilots, program managers, medical personnel, law
enforcement, fire, and rescue personnel to further
their understanding of the safety issues concerning
Landing Zones (LZs). It is recommended that HEMS
operators establish working relationships with the
ground responder organizations they may come in
contact with in their flight operations and share this
information in order to establish a common frame of
reference for LZ selection, operations, and safety.
2/14/08 AIM
Special Operations 10-2-11
b. The information provided is largely based on
the booklet, LZ - Preparing the Landing Zone, issued
by National Emergency Medical Services Pilots
Association (NEMSPA), and the guidance developed
by the University of Tennessee Medical Center's
LIFESTAR program, and is used with their
permission. For additional information, go to
http://www.nemspa.org/.
c. Information concerning the estimation of wind
velocity is based on the Beaufort Scale. See
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/beaufort.html
for more information.
d. Selecting a Scene LZ
1. If the situation requires the use of a helicopter,
first check to see if there is an area large enough to
land a helicopter safely.
FIG 10-2-4
Recommended Minimum Landing Zone Dimensions
2. For the purposes of FIG 10-2-4 the following
are provided as examples of relative helicopter
size:
(a) Small Helicopter: Bell 206/407, Eurocopter
AS-350/355, BO-105, BK-117.
(b) Medium Helicopter: Bell UH-1 (Huey)
and derivatives (Bell 212/412), Bell 222/230/430
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