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FIG 7-1-21
Key to Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) (Front)
U.S. Department
of Transportation
Federal Aviation
Administration
KEY to AERODROME FORECAST (TAF) and
AVIATION ROUTINE WEATHER REPORT
(METAR) (FRONT)
TAF KPIT 091730Z 091818 15005KT 5SM HZ FEW020 WS010/31022KT
FM 1930 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015 TEMPO 2022 1/2SM +TSRA
OVC008CB
FM0100 27008KT 5SM SHRA BKN020 OVC040 PROB40 0407 1SM -RA BR
FM1015 18005KT 6SM -SHRA OVC020 BECMG 1315 P6SM NSW SKC
METAR KPIT 091955Z COR 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28L/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB
18/16 A2992 RMK SLP045 T01820159
FORECAST EXPLANATION REPORT
TAF Message type : TAF-routine or TAF AMD-amended forecast,
METAR-hourly, SPECI-special or TESTM-non-commissioned
ASOS report
METAR
KPIT ICAO location indicator KPIT
091730Z Issuance time: ALL times in UTC “Z”, 2-digit date, 4-digit time 091955z
091818 Valid period: 2-digit date, 2-digit beginning, 2-digit ending times
In U.S. METAR: CORrected of; or AUTOmated ob for automated
report with no human intervention; omitted when observer logs on
COR
15005KT Wind: 3 digit true-north direction , nearest 10 degrees (or VaRiaBle);
next 2-3 digits for speed and unit, KT (KMH or MPS); as needed, Gust
and maximum speed; 00000KT for calm; for METAR, if direction varies
60 degrees or more, Variability appended, e.g., 180V260
22015G25KT
5SM Prevailing visibility; in U.S., Statute Miles & fractions; above 6 miles in
TAF Plus6SM. (Or, 4-digit minimum visibility in meters and as required,
lowest value with direction)
3/4SM
Runway Visual Range: R; 2-digit runway designator Left, Center, or
Right as needed; “/”, Minus or Plus in U.S., 4-digit value, FeeT in U.S.,
(usually meters elsewhere); 4-digit value Variability 4-digit value (and
tendency Down, Up or No change)
R28L/2600FT
HZ Significant present, forecast and recent weather: see table (on back) TSRA
FEW020 Cloud amount, height and type: Sky Clear 0/8, FEW >0/8-2/8,
SCaTtered 3/8-4/8, BroKeN 5/8-7/8, OVerCast 8/8; 3-digit height in
hundreds of ft; Towering Cumulus or CumulonimBus in METAR; in
TAF, only CB. Vertical Visibility for obscured sky and height “VV004”.
More than 1 layer may be reported or forecast. In automated METAR
reports only, CLeaR for “clear below 12,000 feet”
OVC 010CB
Temperature: degrees Celsius; first 2 digits, temperature “/” last 2
digits, dew-point temperature; Minus for below zero, e.g., M06
18/16
Altimeter setting: indicator and 4 digits; in U.S., A-inches and
hundredths; (Q-hectoPascals, e.g., Q1013)
A2992
2/14/08 AIM
Meteorology 7-1-59
FIG 7-1-22
Key to Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) (Back)
U.S. Department
of Transportation
Federal Aviation
Administration
KEY to AERODROME FORECAST (TAF) and
AVIATION ROUTINE WEATHER REPORT
(METAR) (BACK)
FORECAST EXPLANATION REPORT
WS010/31022KT In U.S. TAF, non-convective low-level (≤ 2,000 ft) Wind Shear;
3-digit height (hundreds of ft); “/”; 3-digit wind direction and 2-3
digit wind speed above the indicated height, and unit, KT
In METAR, ReMarK indicator & remarks. For example: Sea-
Level Pressure in hectoPascals & tenths, as shown: 1004.5 hPa;
Temp/dew-point in tenths C, as shown: temp. 18.2C, dew-point
15.9C
RMK
SLP045
T01820159
FM1930 FroM and 2-digit hour and 2-digit minute beginning time:
indicates significant change. Each FM starts on a new line,
indented 5 spaces
TEMPO 2022 TEMPOrary: changes expected for <1 hour and in total, < half of
2-digit hour beginning and 2-digit hour ending time period
PROB40 0407 PROBability and 2-digit percent (30 or 40): probable condition
during 2-digit hour beginning and 2-digit hour ending time
period
BECMG 1315 BECoMinG: change expected during 2-digit hour beginning
and 2-digit hour ending time period
Table of Significant Present, Forecast and Recent Weather- Grouped in categories and used in the
order listed below; or as needed in TAF, No Significant Weather.
QUALIFIER
INTENSITY OR PROXIMITY
`-'
Light
“no sign” Moderate `+' Heavy
VC Vicinity: but not at aerodrome; in U.S. METAR, between 5 and 10SM of the point(s) of
observation; in U.S. TAF, 5 to 10SM from center of runway complex (elsewhere within 8000m)
DESCRIPTOR
MI Shallow BC Patches PR Partial TS Thunderstorm
BL Blowing SH Showers DR Drifting FZ Freezing
WEATHER PHENOMENA
PRECIPITATION
DZ Drizzle RA Rain SN Snow SG Snow grains
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