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December 30, 2000
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Adequate
Controls?
PHA
SSHA
SHA
O&SHA
Incidents
High Risk?
Hazard Analysis
Document
Hazard
Tracking
Report
SSWG
Evaluation
IPT
Evaluation
Active Hazard
Tracking
Report
Additional
Controls?
Signed Hazard
Tracking
Report
JRC/SEC
Risk
Acceptance
Risk
Accepted?
Design or
Rqmt change
Hazard Analyses
merge
YES
NO
YES YES
YES
NO NO
NO
Figure 2-4: Hazard Tracking and Risk Resolution Process
2.2.5 FAA Corporate Comparative Safety Assessment Guidelines
FAA Report No. WP-59-FA7N1-97-2, Comparative Safety Assessment Guidelines for the Investment
Analysis Process, Update of July 1999, presents guidelines for conducting life-cycle Comparative Safety
Assessment as part of the FAA’s Investment Analysis Process (IAP). Since the first publication of these
Guidelines in June, 1997, information security, human factors and safety issues have gained viability and
prominence as additional risks to be considered. Risk in this context relates to the “probability that an
alternative under consideration in the IAP will fail to deliver the benefits projected for that alternative, either
in whole or in part, and the consequences of this failure.”
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 3: Principles of System Safety
December 30, 2000
3- 1
Chapter 3:
Principles of System Safety
3.1 DEFINITION OF SYSTEM SAFETY............................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
3.2 PLANNING PRINCIPLES ..........................................................................................................2
3.3 HAZARD ANALYSIS..................................................................................................................3
3.4 COMPARATIVE SAFETY ASSESSMENT ...............................................................................9
3.5 RISK MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING ........................................................................12
3.6 SAFETY ORDER OF PRECEDENCE......................................................................................12
3.7 BEHAVIORAL-BASED SAFETY...............................................................................................15
3.8 MODELS USED BY SYSTEM SAFETY FOR ANALYSIS ........................................................15
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 3: Principles of System Safety
December 30, 2000
3- 2
3.0 Principles of System Safety
3.1 Definition of System Safety
System safety is a specialty within system engineering that supports program risk management. It is the
application of engineering and management principles, criteria and techniques to optimize safety. The
goal of System Safety is to optimize safety by the identification of safety related risks, eliminating or
controlling them by design and/or procedures, based on acceptable system safety precedence. As
discussed in Chapter 2, the FAA AMS identifies System Safety Management as a Critical Functional
Discipline to be applied during all phases of the life cycle of an acquisition. FAA Order 8040.4
establishes a five step approach to safety risk management as: Planning, Hazard Identification, Analysis,
Assessment, and Decision. The system safety principles involved in each of these steps are discussed in
the following paragraphs.
3.2 Planning Principles
System safety must be planned. It is an integrated and comprehensive engineering effort that requires a
trained staff experienced in the application of safety engineering principles. The effort is interrelated,
sequential and continuing throughout all program phases. The plan must influence facilities, equipment,
procedures and personnel. Planning should include transportation, logistics support, storage, packing, and
handling, and should address Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) and Non-developmental Items (NDI).
For the FAA AMS applications of system safety, a System Safety Management Plan is needed in the Preinvestment
Decision phases to address the management objectives, responsibilities, program
requirements, and schedule (who?, what?, when?, where?, and why?). After the Investment Decision is
made and a program is approved for implementation, a System Safety Program Plan is needed. See
Chapter 5, for details on the preparation of a SSPP.
3.2.1 Managing Authority (MA) Role
Throughout this document, the term Managing Authority (MA) is used to identify the responsible entity
for managing the system safety effort. In all cases, the MA is a FAA organization that has responsibility
for the program, project or activity. Managerial and technical procedures to be used must be approved by
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