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process and the supporting system safety activities. The details of “how” to perform each activity shown in
this diagram are discussed in later chapters. General guidance for AMS safety activities is contained in the
NAS System Safety Management Plan (SSMP).
System Safety Products in the AMS Life Cycle
Hazard Tracking & Incident Investigation
Track MeHdi igu hm R aisnkds
Closed Loop/Risk Acceptance
Capture & A nalyze Incidents
Identify high risk trends
for further detailed
investigatio n
Operating and Support Hazard Analysis (O&SHA)
- Operating hazards (focus on
the human errors/factors details - Support and Maintenance Hazards
System Hazard Analysis (SHA ) - Looks at interfaces and
environment (operating
and amb i ent) - NAS System Level
Subsystem Hazard Analysis (SSHA)
- N OT c omponents (next level
below System
- Focus on faults and hazards
at SS level - Detailed - A few safety requirements
Comparative Safety Assessment (CSA)/Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) - Top - down, focus on known
system mission and approaches
and changes at NAS system level - Preliminary in nature - Core Safety Requirements
OSA
- Syste-m Level - Prelim- inary (some
assumptions) Some -S afety Requirements
INTEGRATED PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
may fall out
Figure 2-1: Integrated Product Development System
The prime goal of the AMS system safety program is the early identification and continuous control of
hazards in the NAS design. The NAS is composed of the elements shown in Figure 2-2.
The outputs of the AMS system safety process are used by FAA management to make decisions based on
safety risk. These outputs are:
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 2: System Safety Policy and Process
December 30, 2000
2- 4
Operational Safety Assessment (OSA)
Operational Safety Requirements (OSR)
Comparative Safety Assessments (CSA)
Preliminary Hazard Analyses (PHA)
Subsystem Hazard Analyses (SSHA)
System Hazard Analyses (SHA)
Operation and Support Hazard Analyses (O&SHA)
Hazard Tracking and Risk Resolution (HTR)
Other appropriate hazard analyses. (See Chapters 8 & 9)
Figure 2-2: Elements of the National Airspace System
2.2.1 Integrated Product Development System and Safety Risk Management Process
Figure 2-1 depicts the integrated product development system process and the supporting system safety
activities. The integrated product development system is broken down into a number of life cycle
milestones which include: Mission Analysis, Investment Analysis, Solution Implementation, In Service
Management, and Service Life Extension. As noted in Figure 2-1, system safety activities will vary
depending on the phase of the life cycle. The OSA is to be conducted during mission analysis, prior to the
mission need decision at JRC-1. During investment analysis, initial system safety analysis is further refined
into Comparative Safety Assessment and a Preliminary Hazard Analysis (as needed). After the investment
analysis, more formal system safety activities are initiated by the product teams for that program and in
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 2: System Safety Policy and Process
December 30, 2000
2- 5
accordance with the NAS SSMP. During solution implementation, a formal system safety program plan is to
be implemented. System safety activities should include system and sub-system hazard analysis. Prior to the
in-service decision, operating and support hazard analysis is conducted to evaluate the risks during in-service
management, and service life extension.
Operating and Support Hazard analyses can also be conducted for existing facilities, systems, subsystems,
and equipment. Hazard tracking and risk resolution is initiated as soon as hazards and their associated risks
have been identified. This effort is continued until the risk controls are successfully validated and verified.
Accident and Incident investigation, as well as data collection and analysis are conducted throughout the life
cycle, to identify other hazards or risks that affect the system. The specific details within this safety analysis
process are further discussed in Chapter 4.
2.2.2 OSA and Comparative Safety Assessment (CSA)
The OSA and Comparative Safety Assessments are activities that occur prior to the establishment of baseline
requirements. The OSA provides the system designers and management with a set of safety goals for design.
It provides an environment description and a Preliminary Hazard List (PHL) for a given proposal or design
change. The OSA assesses the potential severity of the hazards listed in the PHL. These severity codes are
then mapped to a preset level of probabilities, which establishes the target safety level for controlling the
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System Safety Handbook系统安全手册上(81)
