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hazard. For instance, a catastrophic hazard would be mapped to a probability requirement that is more
stringent than a minor hazard. This process establishes the safety target level for controlling the hazard.
This target level, or goal assists in the establishment of safety requirements for the system design.
The Comparative Safety Assessment (CSA) is an analysis type that provides management with a listing of all
the hazards associated with a design change, along with a Comparative Safety Assessment for each
alternative considered. It is used to rank the options for decision-making purposes. The CSA for a given
proposal or design change uses the PHL developed for the OSA. The OSA process is depicted below in
Figure 2-3.
System
Description OED
Functions
PHL
Hazard
Severity
Analysis
OSA
OHA
ASOR
Safety
Objectives
SEC
JRC
Legend:
OED
PHL
ASOR
OHA
SEC
JRC
CONOPS
Operational Environment Protection
Preliminary Hazard List
Allocation of Safety Objectives
And Requirements
Operational Hazard Agreement
System Engineering Council
Joint Resources Council
CONOPS Concept of Operations
Figure 2-3: Operational Safety Assessment Process
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 2: System Safety Policy and Process
December 30, 2000
2- 6
2.2.3 Hazard Tracking and Risk Resolution
The purpose of hazard tracking and risk resolution is to ensure a closed loop process of identifying and
controlling risks. A key part of this process, management risk acceptance, ensures that the management
activity responsible for system development and fielding is aware of the hazards and makes a considered
decision concerning the implementation of hazard controls. This process is shown in Figure 2-4.
Safety Action Record (SAR)
The SAR is used for tracking hazard records and contains the following:
Reference Number - This is a specific number assigned to a SAR.
Date - The date in which the SAR has been initiated.
Status - The status of the SAR is indicated as open, monitor, or closed.
Title - A specific appropriate short title of the SAR is indicated.
Description - The description defines the specific hazardous event under study and its worst case outcome.
(The system safety related concern.)
Causes/Contributors - The contributory events singly or in combination that can create the event under
study. Specific failures, malfunctions, anomalies, errors are indicated.
Risk (Severity and Likelihood) - The risk associated with the event is indicated. Initial risk (the risk prior to
mitigation) is indicated. The residual risk (the worst case risks after the controls are implemented) is also
indicated.
Suggested/Possible Mitigations/Controls - The design and/or administrative controls, precautions, and
recommendations, to reduce risk are indicated. An objective is to design out the risks.
Evaluation - The appropriate activities and entities involved in the evaluation of the specific event are
indicated.
Implemented Mitigations/ Controls - The design and/or administrative controls, precautions, and
recommendations that have been verified within the design are indicated.
Verification and Validation - The verification and validation to assure that system safety is adequately
demonstrated are indicated. Risk controls (mitigation) must be formally verified as being implemented.
Safety verification is accomplished by the following methods: inspection, analysis, demonstration and test.
Validation is the determination as to the adequacy of the control.
Narrative History - Provide a chronological living history of all of the actions taken relative to the SAR.
References - Appropriate references associated with the specific SAR are indicated, Analysis, Configuration
Items, Software Units, Procedures, Tests, and Documents.
Originator(s) - The person(s) originating the SAR are listed.
Concurrence - Appropriate concurrence is required to status a SAR as closed (or monitor). IPT/ Program
Management concurrence is required for residual risk acceptance. Other concurrence rationale is also
documented, such as IPT (or FAA entity) concurrence.
2.2.4 Other Specific Safety Risk Management Processes
There are a number of other safety risk management processes discussed within the handbook involving
commercial space and facility system safety. These processes are discussed within their specific chapters.
This handbook does not discuss specific federal requirements associated with aircraft and ground
certification processes. Consult the appropriate Federal Aviation Regulations for certification related
processes.
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 2: System Safety Policy and Process
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