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- Appointment of a Flight Safety Offices reporting directly to the CEO
- Encouragement of a positive safety culture
- Hazard identification and risk management
- Ongoing hazard reporting system
- Safety audits and assessment of quality or compliance
- Accident and incident reporting and investigation
- Documentation
- Immunity-based reporting systems
- Implementation of a Digital Flight Data Recorder information collection agreement with the pilots
- The exchange of valuable “Lessons Learned” with manufacturers and other airlines
- Safety training integration into the organization's training syllabi
- Human Factors training for all personnel
- Emergency response planning
- Regular evaluation and ongoing fine tuning of the program.
Section 2 of the OFSH discusses Organization and Administration. “A safety programme is essentially a
coordinated set of procedures for effectively managing the safety of an operation.” 3 Management should:
specify the company’s standards, ensure the everyone knows the standard and accepts them, make sure
there is a system in place so that deviations from the standard are recognized, reported, and corrected.
The Company’s Policy Manual should contain a signed statement the Chief Executive Officer which
specifies the safety culture and commitment in order to give credence and validation.
Section 3 outlines the elements of a Safety Program:
1 GAIN Working Group A, “Aviation Operator’s Safety Handbook”, 3rd Draft Review, March 13-14, 2000.
2 IBID, GAIN Working Group A.
3 IBID, GAIN Working Group A
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 16: Operational Safety in Aviation
December 30, 2000
16-7
- Safety Objectives
- Flight Safety Committee
- Hazard Reporting
- Immunity-based Reporting
- Compliance and Verification
- Safety Trends Analysis
- FOQA Collection/Analysis
- Dissemination of Flight Safety Information
- Liaison with other Departments
Section 4 is a review of Human Factors issues in aviation. The key points touched on in this section
include:
- Human Error
- Ergonomics
- The SHEL Model
- Aim of Human Factors in Aviation
- Safety & Efficiency
- Personality vs. Attitude
- Crew Resource Management
Section 5 discusses the concepts of Incident/Accident Investigation and Reports. Specific definitions of
concepts associated with incident/accident investigation is presented. Accident investigation and reporting
is also addressed.
Section 6 discusses Emergency Response and Crisis Management. A detailed checklist is provided which
provides requirements for a Crisis Management Center.
Section 7 of the AOS handbook discusses Risk Management. The true cost of risk is highlighted as well as
risk profiles, decision making and cost/benefit considerations.
Section 8 provides information on external program interfaces, safety practices of contractors, subcontractors,
and other third parties.
The appendices provide additional detailed information, including sample report forms, references,
organization and manufacturer information, reviews of analytical methods and tools, sample safety surveys
and audits, an overview of the risk management process, and corporate accident response team guidelines.
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 17: Human Factors Principles & Practices
December 30, 2000
Chapter 17: Human Factors Engineering and Safety
Principles & Practices
17.1 FAA HUMAN FACTORS PROCESS OVERVIEW............................................................ 1
17.2 MANAGING THE HUMAN FACTORS PROGRAM ........................................................ 6
17.3 ESTABLISH HUMAN FACTORS REQUIREMENTS ...................................................... 7
17.4 CONDUCT HUMAN FACTORS INTEGRATION............................................................. 9
17.6 HUMAN FACTORS IN SYSTEM-TO-SYSTEM INTERFACES.................................... 13
17.7 HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING AND SAFETY GUIDELINES ............................ 15
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 17: Human Factors Principles & Practices
August 2, 2000
17-1
17.0 Human Factors Engineering and System Safety: Principles and Practices
This chapter will serve as an outline for the integration of human factors into activities where safety is a
major consideration. The introductory section contains an overview of the FAA human factors process and
principles. The remaining sections represent key human factors functions and guidelines that must be
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