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coordination with other program activities. Sponsor and contractor documentation provides traceability
from initially identifying human engineering requirements during analysis and/or system engineering,
through implementing such requirements during design and development, to verifying that these
requirements have been met during test and evaluation. The efforts performed to fulfill the human
engineering requirements must be coordinated with, but not duplicate, efforts performed by other
system engineering functions.
17.4.2 Human Engineering in System Analysis
To support system analysis, the functions that must be performed by the system in achieving its
objective(s) within specified mission environments are analyzed for their human factors implications
and alternatives. Human engineering principles and criteria are applied to specify human-system
performance requirements for system operation, maintenance and support functions and to allocate
system functions to automated operation and maintenance, manual operation and maintenance, or some
combination thereof. Essential activities related to system analysis include: functional analysis,
functional allocation, design configuration, and task analysis.
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August 2, 2000
17 - 11
17.4.3 Human Engineering in Detail Design
During detail design, the human engineering requirements are converted into detail engineering design
features. Design of the equipment should satisfy human-system performance requirements and meet
the applicable human engineering design criteria. The human factors engineer participates in design
reviews and engineering change proposals for those items having a human interface. Essential products
to be reviewed related to detail design include: hardware design and interfaces, tests and studies,
drawings and representations, environmental conditions, procedures, software, technical
documentation.
17.4.4 Human Engineering in Test and Evaluation
The Sponsor and contractor establish and conduct a test and evaluation program that addresses human
factors to:
· Ensure fulfillment of the applicable human performance and safety requirements;
· Demonstrate conformance of system, equipment, and facility design to human engineering design
criteria;
· Confirm compliance with system performance and safety requirements where human performance
is a system performance determinant;
· Secure quantitative measures of system and safety performance which are a function of the human
interaction with equipment; and
· Determine whether undesirable design or procedural features have been introduced.
The fact that the above may occur at various stages in system development should not preclude a final
human engineering verification of the complete system.
17.4.5 Human Engineering Coordination
Coordinating the Human Factors and other activities (such as integrated logistics support activities)
takes active and continuous communication. There are many opportunities to plan requirements,
collect data, and share information, especially in the areas of maintenance staffing, training, training
support, and personnel skills. Coordination will result in program cost savings or cost avoidance by
eliminating redundancy and will strengthen the planning, analysis, design, and testing for both
programs during all phases of the process.
17.5 Conduct Human Factors Test and Evaluation
Testing is performed to assess the operational effectiveness, suitability, and safety of the products to
meet system requirements. The purpose of human factors in project testing is to produce evidence of
the degree to which the total system can be operated and maintained by members of the target
population in an operational environment. If the total system exhibits performance deficiencies when
operated or maintained by members of the target population, the testing should produce human factors
causal information.
Human factors planning for test and evaluation (T&E) activities is initiated early in the project
management process. Specific human factors-related T&E tasks and activities are subsequently
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 17: Human Factors Principles & Practices
August 2, 2000
17 - 12
identified in the project/program planning documentation. The conduct of the human factors T&E is
integrated with the system T&E program, which is largely performed during program implementation.
Key principles for addressing human factors requirements in system testing are:
· Coordinate human factors test planning early in the program.
· Measure human performance of critical tasks during testing in terms of time, accuracy, and
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System Safety Handbook系统安全手册上(76)
