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provided following this matrix. (Note: Quality Assurance programs and associated records are essential
where analysis or testing, covering all critical systems, are involved.)
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 13: Launch Safety
December 30, 2000
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Table 13-1: Validation Acceptance Matrix
Candidate Critical System Analyses Ground Flight
Test Test
Structure/Integrity of Main Structure X X P
Thermal Protection X P P
Environmental Control (temp, humidity) X X X
Propulsion: Main, Auxiliary and
Reentry (de-orbit) X P P
Propellant Tank Pressurization X X P
GN&C, Critical Avionics *; includes
de-orbit targeting (e.g., star-tracker,
GPS) X X X
Health Monitoring * X X X
Flight Safety System (FSS)* X X X
Recovery and Landing* X P P
Ordnance* (other than Safety) X X X
Electrical and Power* X X X
Telemetry and Tracking and Command* X X X
Flight Control (ascent, separation,
reentry) * X X X
FSS Ground Support Equipment (if any) * X X N/A
P - partial; cannot satisfy all aspects
X - If in sufficient detail when combined with test results or selected analyses
* - Includes both hardware and software
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 13: Launch Safety
December 30, 2000
13 -
9
13.4.3 Analyses
There are various types of analyses that may be appropriate to help validate the viability of a critical
system or component. The following provides examples of some types of critical systems analysis
methodologies and tools.
· Mechanical Structures and Components (Vehicle Structure, Pressurization, Propulsion
System including engine frame thrust points, Ground Support Equipment)
· Types of Analyses: Structural Loads, Thermal, Fracture Mechanics, Fatigue, Form Fit &
Function
· Software Tools for Analyses: Nastran, Algor, Computational Fluid Dynamics codes,
CAD/CAM
· Thermal Protection System
· Types of Analyses (for TPS and Bonding Material): Transient and Steady State Temperature
Analyses, Heat Load, and Heating and Ablative Analyses.
· Software Tools for Analyses: SINDA by Network Analysis Inc.
· Electrical/Electronic Systems & Components (Electrical, Guidance, Tracking, Telemetry,
Navigation, Communication, FSS, Ordnance, Flight Control and Recovery)
· Types of Analyses: Reliability, FMEA, Single Failure Point, Sneak Circuit, Fault Tree,
Functional Analysis, Plume effects
· Software Tools for Analyses: MathCad, Relex, and FaultrEase
· Propulsion Systems (Propulsion, FSS, Ordnance, Flight Control)
· Types of Analyses: Analytical Simulation of nominal launch and abort sequences for Main
Engines, Orbital Maneuvering System (including restart for reentry-burn) and Attitude
Control System; capacity analysis for consumables; Plume Flow Field Modeling
· Software Tools for Analyses: Nastran, Algor, SPF-III, and SINDA
· Aerodynamics (Structure, Thermal, Recovery)
· Types of Analyses: Lift, Drag, Stability, Heating, Performance, Dispersion, Plume effects
· Software Tools for Analyses: Post 3/6 DOF, Computational Fluid Dynamics Codes Monte
Carlo Simulation Codes
· Software (Guidance, Tracking & Telemetry & Command, FSS, Flight Control and Recovery)
· Types of Analyses: Fault Tree, Fault Tolerance, Software Safety (including abort logic),
Voting Protocol Dead Code, Loops, and Unnecessary Code
· Validation Methodologies, such as ISO 9000-34
4 ISO 9000-3 is used in the design, development, and maintenance of software. Its purpose is to help produce software products
that meet the customers' needs and expectations. It does so by explaining how to control the quality of both products and the
processes that produce these products. For software product quality, the standard highlights four measures: specification, code
reviews, software testing and measurements.
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 13: Launch Safety
December 30, 2000
13 -
10
13.4.4 Ground Test
Ground tests include all testing and inspections performed by the applicant prior to flight, including
qualification, acceptance and system testing. It is anticipated that an applicant will perform various types of
ground tests to validate the capability of critical systems and components. The following provides examples of
some types of critical systems validation ground tests. Again these are only examples and should not be
construed as the only types of ground tests which may be used to validate a specific system for a specific
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