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· Related requirements, constraints, and personnel capabilities
· Human factors engineering data and reports
· Lessons learned data.
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 12: Facilities Safety
December 30, 2000
12 - 17
Operating and Support Hazard Analysis Approach
This approach is based on the guidance of MIL-STD-882, System Safety Program Plan Requirements and
the International System Safety Society, Hazard Analysis Handbook. The O&SHA evaluates hazards
resulting from the implementation of operations or tasks performed by persons and considers the following:
· Planned system configuration or state at each phase of maintenance
· Facility interfaces
· Site observations
· Planned environments (or ranges thereof)
· Maintenance tools or other equipment specified for use
· Maintenance task sequence, concurrent task effects, and limitations;
· Regulatory, agency policy, or contractually specified personnel safety and health
requirements including related requirements such as consensus standards
· Potential for unplanned events including hazards introduced by human errors or
physical design.
Throughout the process, the human is considered an element of the total system, receiving inputs and
initiating outputs during the conduct of operations and support. The O&SHA methodology identifies the
safety-related requirements needed to eliminate hazards or mitigate them to an acceptable level of risk using
established safety order of precedence. This precedence involves initial consideration of the elimination of
the particular risk via a concept of substitution. If this is not possible, the risk should be eliminated by the
application of engineering design. Further, if it is not possible to design out the risk, safety devices should
be utilized. The order of progression continues and considers that if safety devices are not appropriate,
design should include automatic warning capabilities. If warning devices are not possible, the risks are to
be controlled via formal administrative procedures, including training.
12.5.5 Job Safety Analysis
JSAs could be presented as an output of the O&SHA. The JSA is a method used to evaluate tasks from an
occupational safety and health perspective. This very basic analysis technique was known as Job Hazard
Analysis (JHA) in the 1960s. The tool was generally used by industrial safety and health personnel. The
JSA is a less detailed listing of basic hazards associated with a specific task and provides recommendations
for following appropriate safe operating procedures. This analysis was designed to be very basic and
usable by employees and their supervisors. It is appropriate for first line supervisors, operators, or
maintainers to be trained in conducting JSAs. Typically, JSAs should be posted by the task site and
reviewed periodically as a training tool.
The O&SHA is a more formal system safety engineering method that is designed to go beyond a JSA.
System safety is concerned with any possible risk associated with the system. This includes consideration
of the human/hardware/software/environmental exposures of the system. The analysis considers human
factors and all associated interfaces and interactions. As an additional outcome of the O&SHA, different
JSAs could be developed and presented depending on exposure and need. It is anticipated that JSAs will be
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 12: Facilities Safety
December 30, 2000
12 - 18
utilized to conduct training associated with new systems. Specific JSAs addressing particular maintenance
tasks, specific operations, and design considerations can be developed.
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 12: Facilities Safety
December 30, 2000
12 - 19
12.5.6 Physical Aviation Risk Analysis
Another objective of this chapter on facility system safety is to provide information on how to identify,
eliminate and control aviation-related risks. There are unique hazards and risks associated with
commercial aviation, as well as general aviation activities. Generally, a number of hazards and risks are
listed for consideration. During hazard analysis activities, the analyst should consider these appropriate
examples:
· Aviation fuel storage and handling.
· Airport ground handling equipment, its use, movement, and maintenance.
· Surface movement at airports
· Traffic management at airports.
· Life safety involving the general public at places of assembly in airports.
· Preventative maintenance and inspection of aircraft.
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