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such inputs that may be found are in Figure 12-3. The availability of this information permits the FAA to
incorporate special requirements into the detailed functional requirements and specifications. This input
may be in the form of specific design features, test requirements, of SSP tasks. The resulting contract
integrates system safety into the design of a facility starting with the concept exploration phase.
Figure 12-3 Sample Inputs for Safety Risk Identification and Characterization
The PHL also generates an initial list of risks that should initiate a Hazard Tracking Log, a database of
risks, their severity and probability of occurrence, hazard mitigation, and status. New risks are identified
throughout the design process, entered into and tracked by the log. As the design progresses, corrective
actions are included and risks are eliminated or controlled using the system safety order of precedence (See
Chapter 3, Table 3-1). Status is tracked throughout the design and construction process.
Safety risks may be logged closed in one of three ways. Those: (1) eliminated or controlled by design are
simply “closed.” (2) that are to be controlled by procedures or a combination of design and procedures are
marked closed but annotated to ensure that standard and operating procedures (SOPs) are developed to
reduce the risk. A list of operation and maintenance procedures to be developed is generated and turned
over to the user. (3) that are to be accepted as is, or with partial controls, are closed and risk acceptance
documentation prepared. This process documents all risks, their status, and highlights any additional
needed actions required. Thus, the hazard tracking system documents the status of safety risks throughout
the life of the facility's life cycle.
12.5.3 Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)
The preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) is an expansion of the PHL. The assessment of the facility's
hazards permits classifying the facility in terms of low, medium, or high risk. It expands the PHL in three
ways. It provides the following additional information:
• Details concerning necessary and planned corrective action
Safety Risk
Identification and
Characterization
PHL
PHA
User-defined unacceptable or
undesirable events
Design Reviews
Hazard Analysis Outputs
Health Hazard Reports
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 12: Facilities Safety
December 30, 2000
12 - 16
• Increased detail of hazards already identified
• More detailed analysis to identify additional hazards
• The PHA is used to determine the system safety effort for the remainder of the project
As an expanded version of the PHL, the PHA contains greater detail in three areas. First, hazard control
information is added to identified hazards. Second, a more comprehensive and systematic analysis to
identify additional hazards is performed. Third, greater detail on hazards previously identified in the PHL
is provided.
Detailed knowledge of all operations to be conducted within the facility and any hazards presented by
nearby operations is required. Based on the best available data, including lessons learned, hazards
associated with the proposed facility design or functions are evaluated for risk severity and probability,
together with operational constraints.
If the PHA indicates that the facility is a “low-risk” building and no further analysis is necessary, a list of
applicable safety standards and codes are still required. If the facility is “medium” or “high” risk, methods
to control risk must be instituted.
12.5.4 Operating and Support Hazard Analysis
The O&SHA could be performed early enough in the acquisition cycle to influence system design.
However, this analysis could be initiated later in the acquisition cycle, it could be anticipated that it will not
have an immediate effect on the existing design. The results of this analysis may, however, be used to
initiate changes in an existing design. See Chapter 8, Operating and Support Hazard Analysis.
For existing systems the O&SHA is intended to address changing conditions through an iterative process
that can include subject matter expert (SME) participation and a review of installed systems. This
information could be documented in subsequent Safety Engineering Reports.
O&SHA is limited to the evaluation of risks associated with the operation and support of the system. The
materials normally available to perform an O&SHA include the following:
· Engineering descriptions of the proposed system
· Draft procedures and preliminary operating manuals
· Preliminary hazard analysis, subsystem hazard analysis, and system hazard analysis reports
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System Safety Handbook系统安全手册上(22)
