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The following tools are particularly useful for analyzing the hazards associated with physical
position and movement of assets:
Mapping tool.
Energy trace and barrier analysis.
Interface analysis.
SEVEN PRIMARY HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION TOOLS
• THE OPERATIONS ANALISIS
•THE PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS
•THE WHAT IF TOOL
•THE SENARIO PROCESS TOOL
•THE LOGIC DIAGRAM
•THE CHANGE ANALYSIS
•THE CAUSE AND EFFECT TOOL
Figure 15-4: The Primary Family of Hazard Identification Tools
There are many additional tools that can help identify hazards. One of the best is through a group
process involving representatives directly from the workplace. Most people want to talk about
their jobs, therefore a simple brainstorming process with a facilitator is often very productive. The
following is a partial list of other sources of hazard identification information:
Accident/Incident Reports: These can come from within the organization, for it represents
memory applicable to the local workplace, cockpit, flight, etc. Other sources might be NTSB
reports, medical reports, maintenance records, and fire and police reports.
Operational Personnel: Relevant experience is arguably the best source of hazard identification.
Reinventing the wheel each time an operation is proposed is neither desired nor efficient. Seek
out those with whom you work who have participated in similar operations and solicit their input.
Outside Experts: Look to those outside your organization for expert opinions or advice.
Current Guidance: A wealth of relevant direction can always be found in the guidance that
governs our operations. Consider regulations, operating instructions, checklists, briefing guides,
SOPs, NOTAMs, and policy letters.
Surveys: The survey can be a powerful tool because it pinpoints people in the operation with first
hand knowledge. Often, first line supervisors in the same facility do not have as good an
understanding of risk as those who confront it every day.
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 15: Operational Risk Management
December 30, 2000
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Inspections: Inspections can consist of spot checks, walk-through, checklist inspections, site
surveys, and mandatory inspections. Utilize staff personnel to provide input beyond the standard
third-party inspection.
15.11.2 Analyze Control Measures
Hazard control is accomplished in several ways. Figure 15-5 depicts the actions necessary to
analyze the alternatives.
Figure 15-5. Analyze Control Measures Actions
ACTIONS FOR STEP 3 – ANALYZE CONTROL MEASURES
Action 1—Identify Control Options
Starting with the highest-risk assessed, identify as many risk control options as possible for all
hazards. Refer to the list of possible causes from Step 1 for control ideas. The Control Options
Matrix and “What-If” analyses are excellent tools to identify control options. Risk control options
include: rejection, avoidance, delay, transference, spreading, compensation, and
reduction.
Action 2—Determine Control Effects
Determine the effect of each control on the risk associated with the hazards. A computer spread
sheet or data form may be used to list control ideas and indicate control effects. The estimated
value(s) for severity and/or probability after implementation of control measures and the change
in overall risk assessed from the Risk Assessment Matrix should be recorded. Scenario building
and next accident assessment provides the greatest ability to determine control effects.
Action 3—Prioritize Risk Controls/ Measures
For each risk, prioritize those risk controls that will reduce the risk to an acceptable level. The
best controls will be consistent with objectives and optimize use of available resources
(manpower, material, and equipment, money, time). Priorities should be recorded in some
standardized format for future reference. Opportunity assessment, cost versus benefit analysis and
computer modeling provide excellent aids to prioritize risk controls. If the control is already
implemented in an established instruction, document, or procedure, that too should be
documented.
ACTION 1:
IDENTIFY
CONTROL
OPTIONS
ACTION 2:
DETERMINE
CONTROL
EFFECTS
ACTION 3:
PRIORITIZE RISK
CONTROL
MEASURES
ACTION 4:
IMPLEMENT
RISK
CONTROL
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 15: Operational Risk Management
December 30, 2000
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The "standard order of precedence" indicates that the ideal action is to “plan or design for
minimum risk” with less desirable options being, in order, to add safety devices, add warning
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