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to enhance current sharing activities among airline safety managers; (b) a sharing library containing safety
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 16: Operational Safety in Aviation
December 30, 2000
16-4
information "published" by airlines and other aviation organizations; (c) an aviation safety Internet site to
encourage use of existing "public" information/data sources.
WG D: Reducing Impediments (Organizational, Regulatory, Civil Litigation, Criminal Sanction,
and Risk of Public Disclosure) - This working group will identify and evaluate barriers that prevent the
collection and sharing of aviation safety information among various organizations and propose solutions
that are reasonable and effective. They will pursue changes in ICAO Annexes to appropriately protect
information from accident/incident prevention programs. They will propose means to obtain legislation to
protect reporters and providers of safety information. They will promote “jeopardy-free” reporting
procedures and create methods to obtain organizational commitment to sharing safety information.
16.2 Flight Operations Quality Assurance Program (FOQA)
The FAA Administrator has announced that the FAA will soon issue a notice of proposed rulemaking on
Flight Operations Quality Assurance Programs (FOQA).
"This rule is intended to encourage the voluntary implementation of FOQA by providing assurance that
information obtained from such programs cannot be used by the FAA for punitive enforcement purposes,"
FOQA is the voluntary collection, analysis, and sharing of routine flight operation data, obtained by
analysis of flight data recorder information. The FOQA program is one of several where the FAA is
working in partnership with industry and labor to enhance aviation safety.
The FAA also has a new program where the FAA is working in partnership with industry to use improved
methods and technology to detect potential defects in aircraft engines
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December 30, 2000
16-5
16.3 Special Safety Studies and Data Analysis
AVERAGE VERTICAL SPEED 2000 TO 1000 FT
go-around #3
Figure 16.1-1 Example Histogram for Illustrative Purposes Only
Average vertical speed 2kft to 1kft (larges)
Sample Size: 391
Mean: 984.38
Std. Deviation: 247.656
16.3.1 Model Development
FAA, in cooperation with NASA and general industry, is developing models to evaluate aviation data from
routine flights in order to identify precursor events that indicate a risk of incidents and accidents. Models
are under development by the Office of System Safety, working in conjunction with the System Data and
Modeling activity of the NASA Aviation Safety Program (AvSP). The modeling effort is closely related to
the Aviation Performance Measurement System (APMS) program, Global Aviation Information Network
(GAIN), and Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) programs. APMS is being developed by NASA
to provide technical tools to ease the large-scale implementation of flight data analyses in support of airline
FOQA. The GAIN program is designed to promote the sharing of safety information including aircraft
flight data, to proactively improve safety.
One of the models under development is the Aircraft Performance Risk Assessment Model (ASPRAM). It
has the objective of using empirical data and expert judgment to quantify the risk of incidents and
accidents. The general approach is to develop an automated means of analyzing commercial aircraft flight
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 16: Operational Safety in Aviation
December 30, 2000
16-6
recorder data from non-accident precursors and their causes. Expert opinion is incorporated into the
automated model through the use of knowledge-based rules, which are used to identify precursor events
and assess the risk of incidents and accidents.
16.4 Operator’s Flight Safety Handbook (OFSH)
The GAIN "Aviation Operator's Safety Practices" Working Group has developed the “Operator’s Flight
Safety Handbook” (OFSH). Specifically, the international aviation safety community, in coordination with
industry and government, worked together to modify the Airbus "Flight Safety Manager's Handbook" to a
generic, worldwide product. It is intended to serve as a guide for the creation and operation of a flight
safety function within an operator’s organization. The operator is encouraged to tailor the document as
necessary to be compatible with the philosophy, practices, and procedures of the organization.1
Section 1 of the OFSH2 lists the important elements of an effective safety program:
- Senior management commitment to the company safety program
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