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successful program participants should be trained in appropriate concepts, duties, and responsibilities
associated with system safety. Specific training is required for management, system safety working group
members, safety teams, inspectors, controllers, technicians, engineers, anyone conducting activities within
the program. Training will also be required as an administrative control to eliminate or control risk to an
acceptable level.
This section provides guidance to a system safety trainer to successfully conduct a systematic safety
training activity. Specific topics discussed include Training Needs Analysis, Task Analysis, Learning
Objectives, Learning Behaviors, and Delivering Effective Safety Training.
14.1 Training Needs Analysis
The first step in preparing to train a group is to perform a training needs analysis. A training needs analysis
is a thorough study of an organization to determine how training can help the organization to improve its
safety, effectiveness, and efficiency and/or meet legal obligations. It is essential to the success of training
programs. Many trainers who do not perform a training needs analysis find that sometimes their program is
quite successful, but other times the same program delivered in the same way by the same trainer is vaguely
unsuccessful. The reason is that no two training groups are exactly alike. Training needs, level of
motivation, educational background, and many other factors can affect the training environment. Therefore,
the trainer must be able to assess training needs and adapt the training accordingly. Some of the crucial
factors are discussed below.
Safety training plays a vital role in a system safety program. The trainer must assess the needs in which
he/she is going to provide training with the following questions in mind (all of which are important):
What is the extent of system safety knowledge of the participants within the organization?
What are the participant’s tasks that involve system safety knowledge?
What are the background, experience, and education of the participants?
What training has been provided in the past?
What is the management’s attitude toward system safety and training?
Is training being provided to management, or system safety working group participants?
Will participants be trained in hazard analysis?
14.1.1 Training Standards
Often trainers are overwhelmed by what seems to be a maze of interrelated regulations pertaining to system
safety, occupational safety, and environmental training requirements. The regulations may change. Amid
the confusion, it is often difficult to know how to get started.
1 Bob Thornburgh, President of Environmental Services, Inc.; Presentation at 15th International Systems Safety Conference,
Wash. D.C., Aug. 1997
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 14: System Safety Training
December 30, 2000
14 -
3
Here are some guidelines for bringing the organization into compliance with safety training requirements:
· Read the pertinent regulations. The regulations are often difficult to comprehend,
and it may be necessary to read them several times. However, whoever has primary
responsibility for safety training should read them rather than rely solely on other
people for interpretation.
· Attend professional development workshops and talk to colleagues. In addition to
reading the regulations, the trainer should attend professional development workshops
and talk with colleagues and regulatory personnel to stay current and to share
implementation strategies.
· Work with management to set training priorities. After analyzing requirements and
safety training needs, management and the training unit must meet to set safety
training priorities and to develop a training calendar.
· Design, deliver, and evaluate systematic instruction. Most regulations state training
requirements in terms of hour requirements and topics. The trainer must translate the
requirements into a systematic plan of instruction, including learning objectives,
instructional strategies, and evaluation methods. This Chapter provides the
fundamentals for designing safety-training programs, but does not cover basic
information on delivering or evaluating safety-training programs.
· Document training. Documentation of training is an essential ingredient of all
training, and is especially crucial for safety training. Inspectors usually review
documentation, and documentation is often used as evidence of good intent on the
industry’s behalf. With easy storage of information available through computers,
many companies are maintaining safety-training records over the life spans of their
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System Safety Handbook系统安全手册上(47)
