曝光台 注意防骗
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Fleet Improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1
Electronic Flight Bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2
Increasing Capacity and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Increasing the Departure/Arrival Rate . . . . . . . . .6-4
More Runways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4
Surface Traffic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5
Terminal Airspace Redesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5
Separation Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-6
Maintaining Runway Use in Reduced Visibility . . . 6-7
LAAS and WAAS Implementation . . . . . . . . .6-7
Reducing En Route Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-8
Matching Airspace Design to Demands . . . . . . . .6-8
Reducing Voice Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-8
Aircraft Communications Addressing and
Reporting System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-9
Automatic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-9
Reducing Vertical Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10
Reducing Horizontal Separation . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10
Direct Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10
Accommodating User Preferred Routing . . . . .6-12
Improving Access to Special Use Airspace . . . .6-12
Handling En Route Severe Weather . . . . . . . . . .6-12
National Route Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-13
Developing Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-13
Chapter 7 — Helicopter Instrument
Procedures
Helicopter IFR Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1
Flight and Navigation Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1
Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2
Stabilization and Automatic Flight Control System .7-2
Helicopter Flight Manual Limitations . . . . . . . . . . .7-3
Operations Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4
Minimum Equipment List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5
Pilot Proficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5
Helicopter VFR Minimums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-6
Helicopter IFR Takeoff Minimums . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-7
Helicopter IFR Alternates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8
Part 91 Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8
Part 135 Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8
Helicopter Instrument Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9
Standard Instrument Approach Procedures to an
Airport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9
Copter Only Approaches to an Airport
or Heliport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-10
Copter GPS Approaches to an Airport
or Heliport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-11
Helicopter Approaches to VFR Heliports . . . . . . 7-14
Approach to a Point-in-Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14
Approach to a Specific VFR Heliport . . . . . . . . . . .7-16
Inadvertent IMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-17
IFR Heliports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-18
VII
VIII
Appendix A — Airborne Navigation
Databases
Evolution of Airborne Navigation Databases . . . . . A-1
History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1
Database Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2
Production and Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2
The Role of the Database Provider . . . . . . . . .A-2
Relationship Between EFB and
FMS Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2
The Role of the Avionics Manufacturer . . . . .A-3
Users Role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
Composition of Airborne Navigation Databases . . .A-4
The WGS-84 Reference Datum . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-4
ARINC 424 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5
Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5
Fix Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5
Simple Route Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-6
Complex Route Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-7
Miscellaneous Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-7
The Path/Terminator Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-7
Operational Limitations of Airborne Navigation
Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-10
Reliance on Navigation Automation . . . . . . . . .A-10
Storage Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-10
Path/Terminator Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-10
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Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)仪表程序手册下(7)
