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119 are encouraged to use FAA/NWS products through
Automated Flight Service Stations (AFSSs), Direct
User Access Terminal System (DUATS), and/or Flight
Information Services Data Link (FISDL). Refer to the
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) for more
information regarding AFSSs, DUATS, and FISDL.
The suite of available aviation weather product types is
expanding with the development of new sensor systems, algorithms, and forecast models. The FAA and
NWS, supported by the National Center for
Atmospheric Research and the Forecast Systems
Laboratory, develop and implement new aviation
weather product types through a comprehensive process
known as the Aviation Weather Technology Transfer
process. This process ensures that user needs and
technical and operational readiness requirements are
met as experimental product types mature to operational application.
The development of enhanced communications capabilities, most notably the Internet, has allowed pilots
access to an ever-increasing range of weather service
providers and proprietary products. It is not the intent
of the FAA to limit operator use of this weather information. However, pilots and operators should be aware
that weather services provided by entities other than
the FAA, NWS, or their contractors (such as the
DUATS and FISDL providers) may not meet
FAA/NWS quality control standards. Therefore, operators and pilots contemplating use of such services
should consider the following in determining the suitability of that service or product. In many cases, this
may be accomplished by provider disclosure or a
description of services or products:
Is the service or product applicable for aviation use?
• Does the weather product or service provide
information that is usable in aeronautical decision-making?
• Does the product or service fail to provide data
necessary to make critical aeronautical weather
decisions?
Does the service provide data/products produced by
approved aviation weather information sources?
• Are these data or this product modified?
• If so, is the modification process described, and is
the final product in a configuration that supports
aeronautical weather decision-making?
Are the weather products professionally developed and
produced and/or quality-controlled by a qualified aviation meteorologist?
Does the provider’s quality assurance plan include the
capability to monitor generated products and contain a
procedure to correct deficiencies as they are discovered?
Is the product output consistent with original data
sources?
Are education and training materials sufficient to enable
users to use the new product effectively?
Are the following key elements of the product intuitive
and easy for the user to interpret?
• Type of data/product.
• Currency or age of data/product.
5-3
Figure 5-1. Chippewa Regional Airport (KEAU), Eau Claire, Wisconsin.
5-4
• Method for displaying and decoding the
data/product.
• Location/mapping of the data.
Is the product suitable for use? Consider potential pilot
misunderstandings due to:
• Complexity of the product.
• Nonstandard display (colors, labels).
• Incorrect mapping/display of data.
• Incorrect overlay of weather data with other data
(terrain, navigational aids (NAVAIDs), waypoints, etc.).
• Inappropriate display of missing data.
• Missing or inaccurate time/date stamp on
product.
Pilots and operators should be cautious when using
unfamiliar products, or products not supported by technical specifications that satisfy the considerations noted
above.
NOTE: When in doubt, use FAA/NWS products
with the consultation of an FAA AFSS specialist.
BROADCAST WEATHER
The most common method used by flight crews to
obtain specific inflight weather information is to use a
source that broadcasts weather for the specific airport.
Information about ceilings, visibility, wind, temperature, barometric pressure, and field conditions can be
obtained from most types of broadcast weather
services. Broadcast weather can be transmitted to
the aircraft in radio voice format or digital format,
if it is available, via an ACARS system.
AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE
The weather broadcast system found most often at
airports with air traffic control towers in the National
Airspace System (NAS) is the automatic terminal
information service (ATIS). The AIM defines ATIS
as the continuous broadcast of recorded non-control
information in selected high activity terminal areas.
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Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)仪表程序手册下(100)
