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Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) – A situation
where a mechanically normally functioning airplane is
inadvertently flown into the ground, water, or an obstacle. There are two basic causes of CFIT accidents; both
involve flight crew situational awareness. One definition of situational awareness is an accurate perception
by pilots of the factors and conditions currently affecting the safe operation of the aircraft and the crew. The
causes of CFIT are the flight crews’ lack of vertical
position awareness or their lack of horizontal position
awareness in relation to terrain and obstacles.
Database Columns – The spaces for data entry on
each record. One column can accommodate one character.
Database Field – The collection of characters needed
to define one item of information.
Database Identifier – A specific geographic point in
space identified on an aeronautical chart and in a naviation database, officially designated by the controlling
state authority or derived by Jeppesen. It has no ATC
function and should not be used in filing flight plans
nor used when communicating with ATC.
Database Record – A single line of computer data
made up of the fields necessary to define fully a single
useful piece of data.
Decision Altitude (DA) –A specified altitude in the
precision approach at which a missed approach must be
initiated if the required visual reference to continue the
approach has not been established. The term “Decision
Altitude (DA)” is referenced to mean sea level and the
term “Decision Height (DH)” is referenced to the
threshold elevation. Even though DH is charted as an
altitude above MSL, the U.S. has adopted the term
“DA” as a step toward harmonization of the United
States and international terminology. At some point,
DA will be published for all future instrument approach
procedures with vertical guidance.
Decision Height (DH) – See Decision Altitude
Departure End of Runway (DER) – The end of runway available for the ground run of an aircraft departure. The end of the runway that is opposite the landing
threshold, sometimes referred to as the stop end of the
runway.
altitude, velocity vector, and direction to all other aircraft and air traffic control facilities within a specific
area. Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast
(ADS-B) information will be displayed in the cockpit
via a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) unit,
providing the pilot with greater situational awareness.
ADS-B transmissions will also provide controllers with
a more complete picture of traffic and will update that
information more frequently than other surveillance
equipment.
Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) – A
recorded broadcast available at most airports with an
operating control tower that includes crucial information about runways and instrument approaches in use,
specific outages, and current weather conditions,
including visibility.
Center Radar ARTS Presentation/Processing (CEN-
RAP) – CENRAP was developed to provide an alternative to a non-radar environment at terminal facilities
should an ASR fail or malfunction. CENRAP sends aircraft radar beacon target information to the ASR terminal facility equipped with ARTS.
Changeover Point (COP) – A COP indicates the point
where a frequency change is necessary between navigation aids when other than the midpoint on an airway, to
receive course guidance from the facility ahead of the
aircraft instead of the one behind. These COPs divide
an airway or route segment and ensure continuous
reception of navigational signals at the prescribed minimum en route IFR altitude.
Charted Visual Flight Procedure (CVFP) – A CVFP
may be established at some towered airports for environmental or noise considerations, as well as when necessary for the safety and efficiency of air traffic
operations. Designed primarily for turbojet aircraft,
CVFPs depict prominent landmarks, courses, and recommended altitudes to specific runways.
Cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) – The
display and user interface for information about air traffic within approximately 80 miles. It will typically
combine and show traffic data from TCAS, TIS-B, and
ADS-B. Depending on features, the display may also
show terrain, weather, and navigation information.
Collision Hazard – A condition, event, or circumstance that could induce an occurrence of a collision or
surface accident or incident.
Columns - See Database Columns
Contact Approach – An approach where an aircraft on
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Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)仪表程序手册下(181)
