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VFR” procedures specify a course and distance from
the MAP to the available heliports in the area.
APPROACH TO A POINT-IN-SPACE
The note associated with these procedures is: “PRO-
CEED VFR FROM (NAMED MAP) OR CONDUCT
THE SPECIFIED MISSED APPROACH.” They may
be developed as a special or public procedure where
the MAP is located more than 2 SM from the landing
site, the turn from the final approach to the visual segment is greater than 30 degrees, or the VFR segment
20:1 Versus 40:1 Obstacle Clearance Surface (OCS) for
Nonprecision Missed Approach Procedures
40:1 OCS
20:1 OCS
200' ft/NM (Standard)
400' ft/NM (Standard)
48' ft/NM
96' ft/NM
The Copter 20:1 OCS provides for a lower MDA for the helicopter than for the airplane.
A climb gradient of 400 ft/NM will allow a required obstacle clearance (ROC) of 96 ft/NM
for each NM of flight path.
MAP
Figure 7-13. Obstacle Clearance Surface.
Non-Mountainous Mountainous (14 CFR Part 95)
Cross Country
800-2
1000-3
1000-5
Local
500-1
500-2
800-3
Ceiling-visibility
Cross Country
800-3
1000-3
1000-5
Local
500-2
500-3
1000-3
Area
Condition
Day
Night – High Lighting
Conditions*
Night – Low Lighting
Conditions
Figure 7-14. Weather Minimums and Lighting Conditions for HEMS Operators.
7-15
from the MAP to the landing site has obstructions that
require pilot actions to avoid them. Figure 7-15 is an
example of a public PinS approach that allows the pilot
to fly to one of four heliports after reaching the MAP.
For Part 135 operations, pilots may not begin the instrument approach unless the latest weather report indicates that the weather conditions are at or above the
authorized IFR or VFR minimums as required by the
class of airspace, operating rule and/or OpsSpecs,
Figure 7-15. KLGA Copter RNAV (GPS) 250°.
7-16
whichever is higher. Visual contact with the landing
site is not required; however, prior to the MAP, for
either Part 91 or 135 operators, the pilot must determine if the flight visibility meets the basic VFR
minimums required by the class of airspace, operating rule and/or OpsSpecs (whichever is higher). The
visibility is limited to no lower than that published
in the procedure until canceling IFR. If VFR minimums do not exist, then the published missed
approach procedure must be executed. The pilot
must contact air traffic control upon reaching the
MAP, or as soon as practical after that, and advise
whether executing the missed approach or canceling
IFR and proceeding VFR. Figure 7-16 provides
examples of the procedures used during a PinS
approach for Part 91 and Part 135 operations.
To proceed VFR in uncontrolled airspace, Part 135
operators are required to have at least 1/2 SM visibility
and a 300-foot ceiling. Part 135 HEMS operators must
have at least 1 SM day or 2 SM night visibility and a
500-foot ceiling provided the heliport is located within
3 NM of the MAP. These minimums apply regardless
of whether the approach is located on the plains of
Oklahoma or in the Colorado mountains. However, for
heliports located farther than 3 NM from the heliport,
Part 135 HEMS operators are held to an even higher
standard and the minimums and lighting conditions
contained in Figure 7-14 apply to the entire route.
Mountainous terrain at night with low light conditions
requires a ceiling of 1,000 feet and either 3 SM or 5 SM
visibility depending on whether it has been determined
as part of the operator’s local flying area.
In Class B, C, D, and E surface area airspace, a SVFR
clearance may be obtained if SVFR minimums exist.
On your flight plan, give ATC a heads up about your
intentions by entering the following in the remarks section: “Request SVFR clearance after the MAP.”
APPROACH TO A SPECIFIC VFR HELIPORT
The note associated with these procedures is: “PRO-
CEED VISUALLY FROM (NAMED MAP) OR CON-
DUCT THE SPECIFIED MISSED APPROACH.” Due
to their unique characteristics, these approaches require
training. They are developed to hospitals, oilrigs, private heliports, etc. As Specials, they require Flight
Standards approval by a Letter of Authorization (LOA)
for Part 91 operators or by OpsSpecs for Part 135 operators. The heliport associated with these procedures
must be located within 2 SM of the MAP, the visual
segment between the MAP and the heliport evaluated
for obstacle hazards, and the heliport must meet the
appropriate VFR heliport recommendations of
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Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)仪表程序手册下(158)
