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LAAS — Local Area Augmentation
System
LAHSO — land and hold short
operations
LDA — localizer type directional
aid, landing distance available
LF — low frequency
LNAV — lateral navigation
LOA — letter of agreement/letter of
authorization
LOC — localizer
LOM — locator outer marker
LPV — See glossary
LTP — landing threshold point
MAA — maximum authorized altitude
MAHWP — missed approach holding waypoint
MAMS — military airspace management system
MAP — missed approach point
MAP — manifold absolute pressure
MASPS — minimum aviation system performance specification
MAWP — missed approach waypoint
MCA — minimum crossing altitude
McTMA — multi-center traffic
management advisor
MDA — minimum descent altitude
MDH — minimum descent height
MEA — minimum en route altitude
MEL — minimum equipment list
METAR — aviation routine
weather report
MFD — multifunction display
MIA — minimum IFR altitude
MIT — miles-in-trail [delete term]
MLS — microwave landing system
MNPS — minimum navigation performance specifications
MOA — military operations area
MOCA — minimum obstruction
clearance altitude
MOPS — minimum operational
performance standards
MORA — minimum off route altitude
MRA — minimum reception altitude
MSA — minimum safe altitude
MSAW — minimum safe altitude
warning
MSL — mean sea level
MTA — minimum turning altitude
MVA — minimum vectoring altitude
NA — not authorized
NACO — National Aeronautical
Charting Office
NAR — National Airspace
Redesign
NAS — National Airspace System
NASA — National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
NASSI — National Airspace
System status information
NAT — North Atlantic
NATCA — National Air Traffic
Controllers Association
NAT/OPS — North Atlantic
Operation
NAVAID — navigational aid
NBCAP — National Beacon Code
Allocation Plan
ND — navigation displays
NDB — nondirectional beacon
NFDC — National Flight Data
Center
NFPO — National Flight
Procedures Office
NGA — National Geospatial-
Intelligence Agency
NIMA — National Imagery and
Mapping Agency
NM — nautical mile
NOAA — National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
NOPAC — North Pacific
NOTAM — Notice to Airmen
NOTAM D — Distant NOTAM
NOTAM L — Local NOTAM
NOZ — normal operating zone
NPA — nonprecision approach
NPRM — Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking
NRP — national route program
NRR — non-restrictive routing
NRS — National Reference System
NSE — navigation system error
NTAP — Notice to Airmen
Publication
NTSB — National Transportation
Safety Board
NTZ — no transgression zone
C-4
NWS — National Weather Service
OCS — obstacle clearance surface
ODP — obstacle departure procedure
OEP — Operational Evolution Plan
OpsSpecs — operations specifications
OROCA — off-route obstruction
clearance altitude
PA — precision approach
PAR — precision approach radar
PARC — performance-based operations aviation rulemaking committee
PCG — positive course guidance
PDC — pre-departure clearance
PDR — preferential departure route
PF — pilot flying
PFD — primary flight display
pFAST — passive final approach
spacing tool
PIC — pilot in command
PinS — Point-in-Space
PIREP — pilot weather report
PM — pilot monitoring
POH — pilot’s operating handbook
POI — principle operations inspector
PRM — precision runway monitor
P-RNAV — European Precision
RNAV
PT — procedure turn
PTP — point-to-point
QFE — transition height
QNE — transition level
QNH — transition altitude
RA — resolution advisory, radio
altitude
RAIM — receiver autonomous
integrity monitoring
RCO — remote communications
outlet
STAR — standard terminal arrival
STARS — standard terminal
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Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)仪表程序手册下(178)
