Flight Crew Training Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) and Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT)(37)

曝光台 注意防骗 网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者

Each crew will be different - and therefore made up of different personalities and styles. How these different styles interact and perform together is the meat of FORM/LOFT training.
While it is true that we should know what FORM/LOFT is, we should also know what it is not. Quite clearly it is not the same as a new manoeuver which must be practised all by itself. It is not an end unto itself. Much like a salad dressing, which you would not consider eating all by itself, Resource Management should not be looked at all by itself, but rather as an integral part of the whole flight operations effort. In the past we have looked at technical proficiency plus policy and procedural adherence. Now we look at Resource Management too.
1. Advisory Circular (Draft 1.1), CRM/LOFT Working Group, Training Subcommittee, Joint Government/Industry Task Force on Crew Performance - October 30, 1987
Our responsibilities, as conductors of LOFT, are many-faceted. Probably one of the most important things we can do is believe in the benefits of Resource Management, for only then can we effectively support the concept. Secondly, it is important for us to realize that we are an integral part of the FORM process. [For a CRM programme to produce more than short-term insight, it must be reinforced and integrated into a recurrent training programme.]1 Regardless of how good our FORM Seminars are, one dose is not going to be enough. It is up to us to integrate and reinforce at every opportunity.
A properly conducted LOFT period starts with the briefing. The trainees should be briefed in general terms about what LOFT is (the NASA Line/LOFT Worksheet is a good guide). The crew should be informed that LOFT is an opportunity for them to practise and evaluate what they have learned from the FORM seminar and recurrent training. Our attitude here should not be one of "ask a lot of questions and I'll give you a high score on inquiry". We and the trainee need to evaluate real behavior, not something that's put on for just two hours of LOFT.
We should make the flight as realistic as possible. It should not resemble a "normal" training period with one problem or emergency after another. [LOFT is by definition a group performance training exercise that is undeniably relevant to any crewmember's job. In a properly designed LOFT scenario successful crew performance will require the co-ordinated efforts of all crewmembers.]2 So let's stick with the script. If the scenario does not accomplish what it is supposed to, make a suggestion on how to improve it.
It is important to note that LOFT has equal importance with the PT portion of the training period. There are those who feel that it is even more important. Their argument stems from the fact that every single air transport airplane that has crashed in recent history has been flown by a crew who has successfully completed PT and a PC within the preceding six to twelve months.
Our conduct of the debriefing (critique) is critical to the effectiveness of the LOFT training. On one hand we don't need or want to watch the entire videotape, but on the other, we must resist the temptation to not use any of it. Our job is to help (facilitate) the trainees critique their performance. We should have paid close attention to their performance during the period and made notes of what we feel are examples of good or bad communication, assertion, critique, etc. (In particular, we should be aware of the impact the crew's use of Resource Management had on the conduct of the flight.) We should use the NASA Line/LOFT worksheet as a guide. Rewind and then replay those portions of the video where your notes indicate. Since reinforcement of FORM is the most critical phase of the learning process, let's remember that it will work if we do.
　
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：Flight Crew Training Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) and Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT)(37)