Flight Crew Training Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) and Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT)(29)

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As management awareness of CRM issues became more extensive, further deficiencies amongst our crew members, notably subordinate crew members, became apparent. There was clearly a need for training of our captains in participative management but also there was a need for training of other crew members in communication skills, monitoring and what we, in Qantas, term "managing upwards".
Action
The Director of Flight Operations appointed a Flight Training Supervisory Captain to investigate ways of introducing CRM training in the company. After familiarization with industry progress in the field of CRM, a Steering Committee was formed, consisting of pilots and flight engineers representing both the company management and the pilots' and flight engineers' industrial associations.
The Steering Committee mapped out a programme for the introduction of formalized CRM training which involves a two-day live-in course for all technical air crew. The course is currently being produced and is expected to commence in July, 1988.
CRM training in Qantas
With experience of CRM courses run by other international operators and also Australian domestic airlines, the Steering Committee decided that CRM training in Qantas needed to be specifically tailored to our own operations. There appeared to be an "ethnic" quality to be approached to CRM training which seemed to require the tailoring of a course not only to suit the country involved but also the particular airline.
The Steering Committee further concluded that the CRM problem was, to a great extent, one of basic management principles applied to the air crew team environment. Accordingly, a leading Australian management consultancy company was engaged to assist in the construction of the CRM course.
It is expected that it will take approximately one year to roster all technical air crew for the course. As soon as a substantial number have received training, it is intended to introduce an annual LOFT exercise which, we believe, will considerably reinforce the training given in the two-day course.
An approach has been made to the Australian Department of Transport and Communications for a concession against Air Navigation Orders allowing the company to delete one route check from the current requirement of two for air crew members who have received CRM training and are undergoing continuing CRM training in the form of the short refresher course and the annual LOFT.

Conclusion
We believe that the introduction of a CRM programme, as discussed, will equip our crews to deal with the problems of aircraft management at a time of unprecedented rapid promotion in Qantas when the experience of our crews is significantly below that which we in Qantas are used to.
Chapter 5 Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT)

 

1  Introduction
1.1  LOFT refers to aircrew training which involves a full mission simulation of situations which are representative of line operations, with special emphasis on situations which involve communications, management and leadership. In short, LOFT means realistic, "real-time", full mission training. Most of the information in this chapter has been gleaned from NASA Conference Publication 2184, "Guidelines for Line-Oriented Flight Training, Volume II".
　
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