Flight Crew Training Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) and Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT)(16)

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5.3.2.4  Role playing. Role playing leads to considerable discussion and some controversy. Knowledge of CRM principles and a skilful, credible co-ordinator (instructor) are important.
a) This technique can be very effective where roles are exchanged because it gives participants a different perspective.
b) It is very good training for new pilots.
c) It can be used for personal evaluation on the first day, and then on the last day to observe behavioural changes.
5.3.2.5  Attitude tests. These tests must be used with caution. Although they facilitate effective role-playing it must be made clear to the participants:
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that the tests are not trying to change what sort of persons they are, only how they act;

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that the goals are better understanding of self and better interpersonal relations.

Another advantage of attitude tests is that they can help sensitize people to the way they react to others. The Myers-Briggs Personality Test has been found to be very effective by at least one organization.
Psychological tests which must be administered by a clinical psychologist should be avoided. A credible co-ordinator must be able to administer the tests used. In any case, guidelines established by psychological professional organizations related to the use of attitude tests should be followed.
5.3.2.6  Feedback of interpersonal traits. This technique is related to attitude tests, but involves evaluation by the co-ordinator and feedback in numerical form to the trainee during normal debriefing. The feedback can be used to improve monitoring effectiveness, to identify individual interpersonal styles and in critique of the performance of both self and others.
The rationale for using this technique is that different resource management skills, such as communication, can be measured and quantified. The profile generated in this way can be accompanied by discussion of alternative approaches to improve performance and achieve objectives. It enables communicators to develop a means for choosing the "right tool for the job." The analytic technique is called behavioural analysis. It requires a skilled leader or instructor, and has been found to be very effective in a wide range of airlines and aeronautical organizations.
5.3.2.7  Situational leadership. This technique uses a special inventory to stimulate thought on alternative styles of leadership. It stresses the importance of recognizing the characteristics and "readiness" (both job readiness and psychological readiness) of the followers (other team members) in order to develop the full potential of the team. A leadership style that is effective in one group may not be effective in another. Situational leadership recognizes the need for leaders to adapt to the needs, attributes, and readiness of the other individuals with whom the leader has to work effectively.
5.3.2.8  Evaluation/critique. This technique should be performed by the crew involved after a group session. Voice and video playbacks of crew members' performance can be very effective.
　
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