Flight Crew Training Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) and Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT)(30)

曝光台 注意防骗 网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者

1.2  The assessed value of LOFT is such that several States' aviation administrations permit its use instead of the usual semi-annual proficiency checks, provided that certain specified conditions are met.
1.3  LOFT can have a significant impact on aviation safety through improved training and validation of operational procedures. LOFT presents to aircrews scenarios of typical daily operations in their airline with reasonable and realistic difficulties and emergencies introduced to provide training and evaluation of proper flight deck management techniques. The result is an appreciation by the air carrier of operational shortcomings on the part of line crews and an evaluation of the adequacy of flight deck procedures and instrumentation, as well as over-all crew training effectiveness.
1.4  LOFT scenarios may be developed from many sources, but accident reports provide a realistic and appropriate starting point. A properly conducted LOFT programme can provide great insight into the internal workings of an airline's operations and training programme for the following reasons:
a) If similar mistakes seem to be recurring among pilots, it may indicate a potentially serious problem as a result of incorrect procedures, conflicting or incorrect manuals, or other operational aspects.
b) It may reveal areas in aircrew training programmes which are weak or which need emphasis.
c) It may reveal problems with instrument locations, information being presented to pilots, or other difficulties with the physical layout of a particular flight deck.
d) Air carriers can use it to test and verify flight deck operational procedures.
1.5  LOFT should not be used as a method of checking the performance of individuals. Instead, it is a validation of training programmes and operational procedures. An individual or crew needing additional training after a LOFT session should be afforded that opportunity immediately with no stigma or recrimination.
1.6  A LOFT session should not be interrupted except in extreme and unusual circumstances. Repositioning the simulator and repeating problems is inconsistent with the principles of LOFT. Part of the benefit of LOFT is derived from an individual or crew being able to quickly appreciate the results, either positive or negative, of operational decisions. After completion of such a session, a thorough debriefing should be made of all aspects. This may be accomplished by an initial self-debriefing by the crew, followed by the LOFT co-ordinator's (check pilot's, instructor's) debriefing. This critique should include the use of such aids as voice and video recorders, as well as written notes.
Development of Scenario Designs
2.1  Different operators, different operations and different pilots within an operation have different training needs. Legislation and regulations governing the use of LOFT must allow flexibility to permit the fulfilment of these different needs for training. If a minimum number of simulation training hours is specified, an operator should be permitted to divide these hours among LOFT and the training of other skills in order to accomplish the objectives deemed most important by that particular operator.
　
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：Flight Crew Training Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) and Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT)(30)