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· Attitude protection (Pitch and Bank)
· High angle of attack protection (between VPROT and VMAX the sidestick demands angle
of attack up to MAX and the aircraft does not stall)
· High speed protection
A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
1.02.34 Page 2
REV 21 MAY 98
NORMAL OPERATION BRIEFINGS
FLIGHT CONTROLS
FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS
CHAP02\34
05 - TRAINEES’ ACTIONS (CONT’D)
ALTERNATE LAW
Depending on the particular failure that causes the degrading of the flight control laws,
ECAM will indicate whether Alternate Law with or without protections is active. The
indications will be ALTN LAW or ALTN LAW : PROT LOST . The main differences between
these two laws and normal law are detailed below.
In alternate law pitch control is similar to normal law with some changes in the protections
available.
Roll control is the same as direct law with the sidestick demanding aileron deflection rather
than roll rate.
Protections :
Load factor limitation........................................ same as normal law
Pitch attitude protection ................................... not provided
High angle of attack protection ........................ - changed to low speed stability
(PFD display also changes, VSWis shown
and stall warning is provided)
High speed protection...................................... changed to alternate high speed stability
In some failure cases alternate law without protection is available. All protections except load
factor limitation are lost.
DIRECT LAW
ECAM will indicate to the crew when direct law is the active flight control law and USE MAN
PITCH TRIM will be displayed on the PFD as a reminder.
In direct law, the sidestick is coupled directly to the controls, without any stabilization
feedback. In effect, it becomes like a conventional aircraft. Manual pitch trim must be used.
No protections are available.
MECHANICAL BACK-UP
In the unlikely event of certain multiple failures, pitch trim and rudder can be used to control
the aircraft by mechanically controlling the associated hydraulic motors. If it is necessary to
use the pitch trim wheel to control the aircraft in pitch, MAN PITCH TRIM ONLY will be
displayed in red on the PFD. There is no turn coordination and no protections are operative.
A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
1.02.34 Page 3
REV 21 MAY 98
NORMAL OPERATION BRIEFINGS
FLIGHT CONTROLS
FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS
CHAP02\34
05 - TRAINEES’ ACTIONS (END)
NORMAL HANDLING
The aircraft can be flown like a conventional aircraft using pitch attitudes and power settings.
The following table gives an idea of the attitudes and thrust settings to use in some phases of
flight. Bear in mind that these are average values and will vary at different aircraft weights.
N1 PITCH
T/O Initial CL 13
Accel CL 10
Climb CL 7
Cruise 80% 2
Descent Idle -2
Downwind 57% 6
Final 52% 2
ALPHA FLOOR
Alpha floor is an autothrust mode, however it is also a part of the flight envelope protection.
At high angles of attack TOGA thrust is commanded by the autothrust system. Alpha floor is
available from lift off until 100 ft RA on approach. It provides protection against stall and
windshear and has priority over all other protections. (FCOM 1.27.20 [FLT Controls - Normal
Law] & 1.22.40 [Auto FLT - FLT Augmentation]). Alpha floor is only available in normal law.
LOW ENERGY WARNING
In normal law, a warning is included to alert the pilot to a low energy situation. It is not a
protection, and occurs before floor operates (FCOM 1.22.40 [Auto Flight - Flight
Augmentation]. This warning is only available below 2000 ft radio altitude and in CONF 2, 3
or FULL.
ALPHA LOCK
This protection prevents the retraction of flap from CONF 1 to zero, if speed is too low or
AOA is too high (FCOM 1.27.50 [Flight Controls - Flaps and Slats]).
06 - COMPLETION STANDARDS
· Safe, accurate and confident handling.
· In normal and alternate laws, maintains heading +/-5, height +/-100 ft and speed +/-10 kt.
· In direct law maintains heading +/-10, height +/-200 ft and speed within +/-15 kt.
07 - COMMON ERRORS
· Basic scan too slow.
· Excessive control inputs (including thrust).
A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
1.02.34 Page 4
REV 01 JAN 01
NORMAL OPERATION BRIEFINGS
FLIGHT CONTROLS
FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS
CHAP02\34
01 - TRAINING OBJECTIVE
· To understand the various guidance modes and flight director reversions
02 - SCHEDULE
Briefing duration : 10 minutes
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