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Should these predictions indicate that the aircraft will arrive below minimum fuel or late, then
manipulation of the cost index may allow the target to be achieved. Selection of CI 0 will
select maximum range and CI 999 will select minimum time in the FMGS predictions and
managed speeds.
If actual cruise altitude is less than that entered in PROG page the FMA will indicate ALT. To
enable engagement of ALT CRZ (soft altitude mode) the actual altitude must be entered in
the PROG page. Selection of a higher altitude on the FCU than that entered in PROG will
automatically update PROG page with a new cruise altitude.
For short sector lengths the most economic cruise altitude is not necessarily the maximum
which can be achieved. See FCOM 3.05.15 (In Flight Performance - Cruise) for a graph
which enables selection of the best cruise altitude on short sectors.
Optimum altitude (OPT) is the altitude at which the aircraft covers the maximum distance per
kilogram of fuel. It is computed from aircraft current GW, CI, deviation from ISA and a
minimum of 5 minutes in the cruise. Recommended Maximum (REC MAX) altitude ensures a
0.3 g buffet margin, a minimum rate of climb at MAX CL thrust and level flight at MAX CRZ
thrust, limited to FL 390. (FCOM 2.05.20 [Flight Planning - Cruise Level])
In order to fly at maximum range, an aircraft must operate continuously at optimum altitude.
This would mean that the aircraft would have to climb continuously in order to remain at
optimum altitude (cruise climb). Usually this is not possible so the most fuel efficient way is to
step climb to an altitude that is slightly above optimum. As gross weight decreases the
optimum altitude will increase and another step climb is required.
A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
1.02.15 Page 2
REV 21 MAY 98
NORMAL OPERATION BRIEFINGS
CRUISE MANAGEMENT
CHAP02\15
05 - TRAINEES’ ACTIONS (END)
The diagram overleaf demonstrates the ideal flight path given the constraint of maintaining
given cruising altitudes :
The FMGS PROG page gives an optimum altitude and a recommended maximum altitude.
Recommended maximum altitude is limited to FL 390. Selecting a cruise altitude not more
than 2000 ft above optimum will maintain fuel efficiency and a sensible maneuver margin.
QRH 4.08 provides graphs for use in flight to determine maximum altitudes.
06 - COMPLETION STANDARDS
· Correctly determines optimum cruising altitude.
· Maintains cruise altitude +/-100 ft and speed +/-10 kts or +/-0.01Mach.
· Adjusts cruise parameters according to flight circumstances.
07 - COMMON ERRORS
· Atmospheric influence not taken into account.
· Speed/Mach change not considered to improve fuel economy.
· Wrong cruise altitude in PROG page
+
alt
-
+ Gross weight -
Maximum altitude Optimum altitude
A/C flight path
A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
1.02.15 Page 3
REV 21 MAY 98
NORMAL OPERATION BRIEFINGS
CRUISE MANAGEMENT
CHAP02\15
PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK
A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
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REV 21 MAY 98
NORMAL OPERATION BRIEFINGS
CRUISE MANAGEMENT
CHAP02\15
01 - TRAINING OBJECTIVE
· To carry out a complete and comprehensive preparation for descent and approach.
· To carry out a crew briefing, in a timely manner, covering all aspects of the descent and
approach.
02 - SCHEDULE
Briefing duration : 15 minutes
03 - EQUIPMENT
· FMGS Freeplay Trainer
DOC references :
· QRH 3.05 (Task sharing)
· QRH 4.10 (Descent Data)
· FCOM 3.03.16 (Standard Procedures)
· FCOM 4.05.60 (FMGS Procedures)
· Briefing note - Performance (Climb and descent)
04 - INSTRUCTOR’S ACTIONS
Briefing of the following key points.
MAIN
· Descent and approach preparation carried out in good time before top of descent.
· Procedure for data entry into MCDU must be methodical.
· All data entries cross-checked by other crew member.
· Briefing conducted with maximum use of EFIS and MCDU displayed data.
SECONDARY
· Navigation accuracy and Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA) check before beginning descent.
A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
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NORMAL OPERATION BRIEFINGS
DESCENT AND APPROACH
- PREPARATION AND BRIEFING -
CHAP02\16
05 - TRAINEES’ ACTIONS
At a suitable time prior to descent, the PNF should obtain the latest destination airport
weather. Other pertinent information such as runway in use, its condition, and airport
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