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HCI-Aero 2002 35
Task Structure Methodology
for Electronic Operational Documentation
Jean-Philippe Ramu
European Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Engineering (EURISCO)
4, Avenue Edouard Belin
31400 Toulouse, France
+33.5.62.17.38.38
Jean-Philippe.Ramu@onecert.fr
Abstract
This paper discusses a methodology that enables the
incremental construction of task-oriented electronic
operational documentation. In the past, all technical
documentation was written in paper format, and
traditionally organized from an engineering point of view.
The evolution towards electronic support offers the
opportunity to re-organize operational documentation in
order to improve its usefulness and usability. We used a
user centered approach, based on task analysis, to design
electronic operational documentation to be used in both
operations and training.
Introduction
The Flight Crew Operating Manual (FCOM) is an official
document complementary to the Flight Manual. It is
commonly used by crews, airline operations management
and planning staff as an aid to daily aircraft operation and
planning. In spite of significant advances in aircraft design,
the FCOM format and medium have remained basically
unchanged for years. The FCOM continues as a “classic”
paper document, and is as such organized. However,
advances have been made in systems for storing
documentation electronically. These advances have the
potential to reduce the search and retrieval time for
information.
Next to the use of the FCOM in the cockpit for support
of the aircrew with technical documentation, this manual
plays a role in the training of aircrew, and serves as a
reference for training material. The introduction of new
FCOM delivery media, such as an Electronic FCOM
(EFCOM), offers also new possibilities to improve the
articulation between operational and training materials.
Within the development phase of the A380 aircraft, new
concepts for the FCOM are being discussed by Airbus.
Articulation between FCOM And Courseware/ Training
(ArtiFACT) project’s objective is to investigate the
opportunities for articulating the FCOM and the
courseware, in such a way that both uses (operation and
training) are better served (Barnard et al., 2002). This
study took place within this project.
An electronic form of the Airbus family FCOM does
already exist, and mirrors the existing paper one. We
Copyright © 2002, American Association for Artificial Intelligence
(www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.
further investigated how to restructure technical electronic
documentation in such a way that it is in accordance with
the cognitive work of end users, essentially in an
operational environment. In such a perspective, Airbus
defines FCOM requirements as (Trémaud, 1996):
- pilot, line operations and training oriented;
- contextual;
- easy to understand, easy to use and practical;
- self contained and self sufficient;
- accurate, dependable and stable.
This paper focuses on a contextual, pilot oriented use of
operational documentation (Trémaud, 2000 & Gillett,
Barnard, Boy 2001). Although this study took place under
the development of a new generation FCOM, the concepts
developed in this paper are relevant for other kinds of
technical electronic documentation used in operational
environments.
First we will discuss the principal changes that electronic
documentation can bring. Then, we will introduce the taskbased
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