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information needed by the operator might be stored in different places (maintenance centre
server, on-board server, etc.). Therefore, functionalities for the management of distributed
data repository should be foreseen. From a careful analysis of the available scenarios some
main requirements have been identified, which are outlined below:
• Communication and collaboration: using the wearable the maintenance operator shall
be able to get in touch with other operators when needed. This in order to ask for help
in case of necessity, request either advise from a maintenance expert or the validation
of a report to finalize the task. Moreover, in all the maintenance scenarios the
importance of collaborative activities is highlighted. Collaboration and
communication is foreseen between on-site operator and remote expert, amongst
operators working at the same task and between maintenance operator and the aircraft
pilot. Usually there is no network connection on the aircraft. Therefore suitable
wireless technologies must be made available in order to guarantee the
communication between operators and between the operator and the main data server.
Also the communication between the wearable and other devices (measurements
devices, probes, etc.) should be guaranteed. Several technologies can be investigated
(WiFi, Bluetooth, GPRS, etc.). More generally, the whole workspace shall be covered
by a wireless network.
• Data and information access: most of the information the operator needs is in the
form of multimedia documentation (job cards, inspection procedures, maintenance
manuals, fault isolation procedures, reports, etc.). These information resources will in
the form of digital contents containing text, images, videos, schemas, diagrams, etc.
The system shall be able to provide the following functionalities:
• Advanced digital repository management
IFAWC2006 March 15-16, Mobile Research Center, TZI Universität Bremen, Germany
• Advanced content management
• Content search
• Content personalization and customization
• Content rendering and visualization
• Management of different kinds of media.
To preserve data and information consistency the wearable should be able to
synchronize with several information management servers. This allows keeping the
consistency between information available to the operator through the wearable
system and the actual status of the aircraft (configuration, maintenance history,
current manuals, current maintenance tasks, etc.).
• Multimodal interaction: in order to allow the operators to work hands free, besides
more traditional interaction modalities (keyboard, pen, finger mouse, etc.) at least
voice-based interaction shall be provided (speech analysis and synthesis). The
availability of a kind of “virtual keyboard” would be requested. The interaction with
the virtual keyboard could be managed through a micro-camera system that ascertains
user’s fingers position.
• Context awareness: the wearable platform should be equipped with sensors suitable
for gathering information about the working environment (environmental conditions,
location, aircraft status, equipment status). Two other important components of the
contextual information that should be considered are the user profile and the user
location/position. A suitable hardware infrastructure for locating the operators with
high accuracy (< 2m) would be needed, as well as proper client/server software. Basic
functionalities that shall be supported are: position of users in the maintenance centre,
position of relevant items in the maintenance centre, maintenance centre navigation.
• Records and indexing: the maintenance operator is requested to fill in a report during
his activity. The report contains information about actions performed, data collected,
inspection/fault isolation results. The report will be designed and implemented as a
digital content ideally containing several media (text, pictures, etc.). Besides normal
functionalities for managing digital contents, the following shall be supported:
• Advanced reporting and annotation
• Visualization and management of forms and questionnaires
• Voice/virtual keyboard-based insertion of a new note
• Wearable hardware platform: should be highly portable and available whenever and
wherever the user needs to work. More specifically, the platform is expected to be:
• Unobtrusive, in order to allow situations capturing/knowledge retrieval without
obtrusions from the technology, and adaptable to both the working context and
the operator's personal preferences/needs evolving skills and knowledge
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