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• Multimodal interaction with information and graphical user interface
• Automatic management of the reporting phase and task closing
• Intra- and extra-team communication, support to remote expertise (only to a limited
extent in this version)
From the previous list of features and functionalities can be easily inferred that up to
now the research and development activities have been focused mostly on the definition of
new ways for representing and presenting task-relevant information, in terms of procedures,
diagrams, schemas (electrical/mechanical), 3D models, etc. Figure 4 shows some examples
of the informative contents that have been created, starting from the existing maintenance
manual, for evaluation and assessment by real users.
IFAWC2006 March 15-16, Mobile Research Center, TZI Universität Bremen, Germany
Fig. 4. Examples of task-relevant information presentation.
6. Preliminary results of evaluation
Workplace studies 2 and 3 gave an opportunity to make some preliminary, mostly
qualitative, testing of the available technology and to assess some concepts and proposals
for fulfilling the identified requirements.
The first impression resulting from the test sessions is the overall positive feedback from
operators with respect to the introduction of wearable technologies as a support to the
aeronautic maintenance process. They are really willing to use the wearable technology in
the near future and they think it can represent a significant help in their daily work. From a
technical and functional point of view, it was possible to check that all planned components
work properly when independently configured and accessed. Some issues arose when the
application was presented as an integrated set of functionalities, thus implying that further
effort has to be put in the development of an actually integrated solution. The environment
and wireless connectivity tests confirmed the possibility of using wireless technology in a
maintenance centre, provided that an accurate design of the network infrastructure is
considered.
Content management system and information presentation metaphors went through good
improvements from the pre-prototype to the first demonstrator and received good feedback
from a usability point of view. General comments are positive on the readability and
visibility of the content. The fact that the content management system proposes almost the
same content structure as the existing system makes the operator feels comfortable and
confident, though a more deep reorganization of the existing information will be required in
the next phases of the project.
In general operators found it easy to navigate in the system except for the zooming and
orientation in graphic elements (e.g. mechanical schemas). This has to be improved by
means, for instance, of the introduction of bigger navigation arrows or the integration of an
optimized and limited number of speech commands.
Only a preliminary evaluation of social and organizational aspects has been performed in
this phase, as the main objective was to develop a sound and effective technological
IFAWC2006 March 15-16, Mobile Research Center, TZI Universität Bremen, Germany
baseline to be further incrementally extended and used for more complex human-oriented
assessment as a future activity. Anyway, from an organisational point of view the main
conclusion to be made at present is that in order to efficiently and effectively organize
future user trial sessions and obtain relevant and meaningful feedbacks from real users it is
fundamental to plan a tight integration of the identified hardware and software components.
This in order to present the maintenance application as a fully interoperable and wellstructured
ensemble of functionalities, i.e. to show a robust, reliable and credible industrial
solution that can be actually deployed for daily use in a maintenance facility. Therefore, a
draft plan and a guideline for the next workplace study could include the organization of an
integration session with all technologies and related partners involved, testing of features
and functionalities in the real environment with all contributing partners involved but
without maintenance operators, to perform functional, usability, social and organizational
tests in the real environment with end users participating.
7. Future research
The future foreseen activities will aim at realizing a more and more integrated solution
that can actually be used by maintainers in their daily working activities. This also implies
strengthening the research on human, social and behavioural aspects, rather than just
focusing on the technological developments. In general the research agenda for the next
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