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Alcohol
One ounce of liquor, a bottle of beer or four ounces of wine can significantly impair flying skills. Night
flying and alcohol is a particularly deadly combination because if vision impairment.
The FAR’s prohibit pilots from flying or acting as a crew member within 8 hours of consuming any
alcohol. This is the MINIMUM. A much better rule is 24 hours from bottle to throttle. Alcohol can
significantly contribute to altitude oxygen deficiency as alcohol inhibits adequate oxygen absorption by
the brain.
Fatigue
Fatigue may not be apparent until you have made a serious mistake. It may be a short term condition
such as too little sleep the night before. All you need to recover is a good nights rest. It may also be a
long term condition to which you have become accustom, but which prevents you from your peak
performance. Such a condition requires a prolonged period of rest.
Fatigue leads to lethargy in the cockpit, impaired reasoning and judgment. It can lead to “getting behind
the situation” if sudden unexpected situations occur.
Emotion
Emotion applies to your state of mind. You may be angry, irritated, or just mildly “out of sorts”.
Obviously flying under these conditions is unwise. Emotion can also apply to your attitude about flying.
Do you feel bold and invincible? Are you on the fence as whether the weather is go or no-go? Do you
have a “must get there at all cost” mentality? Have you assessed your personal experience and
capabilities for the given flight conditions? Have you set your “own go and no-go rules? Are you being
bugged by a passenger “who has just got to get there NOW?
A good strategy is to evaluate your own experience, capability, and personal flight rules before you plan
any flight. If the situation does not fit your pre-determined rules, THEN DON’T. When you feel uneasy
about the flight conditions, the safest rule is wait for a better day or time. There is no cowardice in setting
down and setting out the weather.
Aeromedical factors
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Scuba Diving
If you or a passenger have been scuba diving, you should allow sufficient time before flight to allow your
body to rid itself of excess nitrogen in the blood. If this is not done, decompression sickness (the bends)
can occur at altitude, creating a serious in-flight emergency.
For a dive which has not required controlled ascent, you should wait at least 12 hours before flying above
8,000 feet cabin altitude. For a dive that has required controlled ascent (decompression), the time allowed
should be 24 hours for flight above 8,000 feet cabin altitude.
In-Flight Medical Conditions
The pilot should remain aware of several In-Flight conditions which can occur which will impair your
ability to adequately function.
· Hypoxia
· Hyperventilation
· Carbon Monoxide
· Motion Sickness
· Sinus and Ear Block
· Spatial Disorientation
· Fear
Hypoxia
Hypoxia results from an oxygen deficiency. The lack of adequate oxygen affects the functioning of the
brain and other organs. A sense of “well being”, belligerence, drowsiness, dizziness and headache can
result. It has the same effect as early stages of inebriation.
Pilot performance can deteriorate significantly if operating at 15,000 feet for even a short time without
supplemental oxygen. Visual acuity becomes impaired. Pheriperal vision turns gray, with only the central
vision functioning (tunnel vision). Blue color (cyanosis) occurs at the extremities such as fingernails, and
in the lip color.
At 15,000 feet you loose the ability to function correctly within 20 to 30 minutes. At 20,000 feet, these
effects occur within 5 to 12 minutes.
Significant effects of hypoxia can occur at lower altitudes as a result of:
· Inhalation of carbon monoxide while smoking
· Small amounts of alcohol or certain drugs (antihistamines, tranquilizers, analgesics, sedatives).
· Extreme heat or cold
Aeromedical factors
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· Fever
· Anxiety or fear
Use of supplemental oxygen above 10,000 feet in day and 5,000 feet at night will inhibit the onset of
hypoxia.
Hyperventilation
This is the abnormal increase in the volume of air breathed in and out. It can occur subconsciously when
under stress or fear. The rapid breathing and excess oxygen flushes too much of the natural carbon
dioxide from your system. The symptoms are dizziness, tingling of the extremities, hot and cold
sensations, drowsiness, nausea and feelings of suffocation.
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