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each side of the airway centerline. In mountainous terrain, class G airspace may exist from the surface to 14,500
feet outside the boundaries of the airway. In non-mountainous terain (such as Eastern US) all the airspace above
1200 AGL is Class E unless specified otherwise.
ATC exercises no control over flights operating under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) in Class E airspace. Radio
communication and Transponder are not required. Specific cloud clearance and visibility requirements apply to
Class E airspace. These are listed in the chart at the end of this section. ATC does exercise control of aircraft
operating under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR). IFR flights must maintain altitudes, routes and speeds a directed
by ATC. IFR flights must be capable of communicating with ATC, and must be Mode C Transponder equipped
(capable of reporting altitude to the radar scope).
There are no specific certification requirements, other than normal pilot certificates. Class E airspace may be
designated from the surface upward as extension to class B, C, and D airspace (defined later) to accommodate
IFR traffic requirements. Class E airspace will extend downward to 700 feet AGL around uncontrolled airports
that have published instrument approach procedures.
These areas around uncontrolled airports where the Class E airspace goes down to 700 feet AGL instead of the
standard 1200 feet AGL are depicted on Aeronautical Charts by a wide shaded magenta colored band around the
airport. The reason the Class E airspace extends nearer to the ground is to provide a controlled airspace transition
area for aircraft operating IFR and making an IFR approach.
See AIM Chapter 3 for further data on Class E Airspace
Class G -- Uncontrolled
Most Class G airspace is that space from the surface up to 1200 feet. However, there are areas in mountainous
terrain where airspace outside the Victor Airways is Class G from the ground to 14,500 feet AGL. Class G space
may underlie Classes B, C, and D, but has no specific symbol indicated on the chart. The presence of the airspace
is implied. Less stringent minimum cloud clearance and visibility requirements apply to VFR flight in Class G
space since ATC does not maintain jurisdiction over this airspace. See last page of this section.
As mentioned in the Class E section, airports with published instrument approached have class E airspace
extending down to 700 feet AGL. Obviously, in these areas, Class G only extends from the surface to 700 feet
AGL.
Uncontrolled Airports
Airports without a control tower are classifies as uncontrolled. Three types of uncontrolled airports are shown
below.
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The airport on the right does not have an instrument approach or a control zone around the airport. The airspace
overlying this type airport is Class G up to 1200 feet, then Class E above. It is depicted on the charts as a magenta
circle (unpaved) or a solid circle with white runways (paved).
The airport in the middle has a Class E Control Zone around it, depicted by the dotted circle around it. If the line
is magenta in color, it is a control zone at an airport where an FAA Flight Service Station (FSS) is on the field but
no control tower. The FSS provides airport traffic advisory service. Class E airspace extends down to the surface.
The zone is depicted on charts as a dashed MAGENTA circle around the airport. These airports usually have
instrument approach procedures as well.
The airport at left has an instrument approach procedure for the airport. Such airports have a broad lightly shaded
magenta band around them. Within the outer edge of the band, Class G airspace only extends up to 700 feet AGL.
Class E extends down to 700 feet to provide a transition zone for aircraft making instrument approaches to the
airport. The transition area is approximately 5 miles in radius.
Controlled Airports
These are airports that have sufficient air traffic to warrant a Control Tower, and in some cases Approach Control
and Ground Control Radar. They are used by air carrier operations, and can have a mix of jet, high performance
piston and turbine aircraft, as well as smaller single engine aircraft. The control tower is responsible for aircraft
separation within its jurisdiction. Certain clearances must be obtained from ATC for operations on the airport
surface, and within the controlled airspace around the airport.
There are 3 Classes of airspace around controlled airports. The type of airspace depends upon the traffic volume
AIRSPACE AND AIRPORT TYPES
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and types of flight. These Classes are B, C, and D airspace
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