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Military Operation Areas (MOA)
MOAs consist of airspace of defined vertical and lateral limits for the purpose of separating certain military
training activities and IFR traffic. They are depicted by magenta colored feathered areas similarly to Prohibited,
Restricted and Warning areas. They are denoted by names such as Beaufort MOA within or near the MOAdefined
area. ATC can grant clearance to IFR traffic through an MOA if adequate IFR separation can be assured.
If not, ATC will restrict routing IFR traffic through the area.
Most military training activities necessitate acrobatic or abrupt maneuvers. Pilots operating under VFR should
exercise extreme caution whole flying in an MOA when military activity is being conducted. Military pilots on
officially designated operations are exempt from conducting aerobatic maneuvers on the regions of Victor
Airways.
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VFR pilots should maintain caution when flying through an MOA when it is active. Pilots should contact a Flight
Service Station (FSS) within 100 miles of the MOA to obtain real-time report of activity within the MOA. Prior
to entry, pilots should contact the controlling agency for traffic advisories. Information about MOAs is listed in
the same location on the aeronautical chart as the Restricted and Warning area information. The data is printed in
Magenta.
For mor information, see 3-34. MILITARY OPERATIONS AREAS (MOA)
Alert Areas
Alert areas are shown on charts to inform pilots of areas where intensive pilot training or other types of unusual
aerial activity may take place. The area is depicted in a similar manner to the other special use areas, but indicated
by a blue outline with the area crosshatched as shown.
For more information, see AIM 3-35. ALERT AREAS
Controlled Firing Areas
These areas contain operations such as artillery firing. They are not marked on charts, and pilots need not avoid.
Spotter aircraft, radar or ground personnel monitor for aircraft in the area, and firing is suspended immediately
upon the approach of aircraft.
See AIM 3-36. CONTROLLED FIRING AREAS
Military Training Routes
Military training routes are used by high speed military aircraft conducting low and medium level high speed
training activity. The routes above 1500 feet AGL are designed to be flown mostly under IFR rules. They may
occur in either IFR or VFR meteorological conditions. The routes at 1500 feet and below are generally developed
to be flown under VFR rules. Flight visibility must be 5 miles or more, with ceilings 3000 feet or more.
MTR’s with no segment above 1500 feet will be designated by a 4 digit number; i.e. IR 1206, VR 1207. Routes
that include one or more segments above 1500 feet are designated by 3 digit numbers; i.e. IR206, VR207.
The routes are shown on aeronautical charts are gray in color, and will have numbers like IR718 or VR4003.
Vigilance should be observed when operating near or crossing an MTR. Contact FSS within 100 miles to obtain
current information on the activity along the MTRs. Give FSS your altitude and route of flight and destination
when requesting MTR information.
For further information, see 3-41. MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES (MTR)
Temporary Restricted Areas
The FAA may publish temporary restricted areas that may be due natural disaster, or other events, in which
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unauthorized civilian flight is inadvisable or may interfere with rescue or relief efforts. These temporary
restrictions are published through the system called “Notices To Airmen” (NOTAMS). They are disseminated
through the FAA Flight Service Stations. Contact FSS prior to any flight which may be in the vicinity of such
events as air crashes, earthquake damage, floods, etc.
Airspace Rules
The various types of airspace have rules concerning weather limitations and equipment requirements for
operation in the given airspace. The listing below summarizes these requirements.
Standard VFR Cloud Clearance and Visibility
Hereinafter, reference will be made to standard VFR Rules for Cloud Clearance and Visibility. These are:
VFR Couud Clearance and Visibility Rules
Visibility Above Cloud Below Cloud Horizontal
Below 10,000 ft. 3 1000 ft 500 ft 2000 ft
Above 10,000 ft. 5 1000 ft. 1000 ft. 1 SM.
Class A Airspace Rules
l Operations - Instrument Flight Rules Only
l ATC Clearance Required - Yes
l Radio Contact Required - Yes
l Minimum Pilot Qualifications - Instrument Rating
l Mode C Altitude Encoding Transponder Required - Yes
l Cloud Clearance Requirements - None (IFR Rules apply)
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