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lying beneath the Class B airspace.
The actual configuration of the airspace varies to accommodate local operational requirements. The purpose of
the Class B structure is to allow large high performance jet traffic to transition down to landing at the airport
under IFR procedures, and with positive control and traffic separation.
Class B operational rules require:
· Two way radio capable of communication with ATC.
· Private pilot (or special student certification). Several airports prohibit student operations entirely.
· Altitude reporting Transponder (Mode C).
·If operating IFR, an operable VOR or TACAN receiver.
NOTE: Student pilots must have had training in Class B operations and appropriate sign-off of a Certified Flight
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Instructor.
A student may not operate from the following Class B airports.
Atlanta Hartsfield Airport, GA Newark Airport, NJ Boston Logan Airport, MA New York Kennedy, NY Chicago
O’Hare Airport IL New York LaGuardia, NY Dallas/Ft.Worth Airport, TX San Francisco Airport, CA Loa
Angeles Airport, CA Washington National Airport, DC Miami Airport, FL Andrews AFB, MD
See AIM Chapter 3 for further data on Class B Airspace
Mode C Veil
Around Class B airspace is an area called the Mode C Veil. It is shown as a thin blue concentric line of 30
Nautical Mile radius around the Class B airport. An altitude reporting Transponder (Mode C) is required within
this area and when operating under the floor or above the ceiling of the Class B airspace. Radio communication
with ATC is not required as long as you stay outside the Class B airspace.
Special Use Airspace
A number of “special use” airspace areas exist for various usage. It means that certain activities have been
confined to those areas of airspace. Limitations are placed on aircraft operations in these areas which are not a
part of the activity. These are:
· Prohibited areas
· Restricted areas
· Warning Areas
· Military Operations Areas
· Alert Areas
· Controlled Firing Areas
· Military Training Routes
· Air Defense Identification Zone
· Temporary Restricted Areas
Prohibited and Restricted airspace are regulatory use airspace whose rules are defined by FAR Part 73. Warning
areas, MOA’s, Alert Areas, National Security Areas, and controlled firing areas are non-regulatory special use
airspace.
Prohibited Areas
These are areas over which flight by civilian aircraft is prohibited by FAA Regulation. Operation within such an
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area can be justification for military interception or other action. The area around the White House in Washington
D.C. is an example. The symbol is a blue feathered box shown at right with the words Prohibited in or near the
box.
See Aeronautical Information Manual AIM 3-31 PROHIBITED AREAS .
Restricted Areas
These are designated areas in which flight, although not totally prohibited, are subject to certain restrictions.
These areas denote the existence of unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft. Such activities may be artillery
firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles. Penetration of these areas without authorization of the controlling
agency may be extremely dangerous. They are marked on the charts by blue feathered boundaries.
An identifying number such as R-5306 will be listed near or within the area. A listing on the bottom of the
aeronautical chart identifies the area by number, and indicates the location of the area, the altitude limits of the
space, the time of use, and the name of the controlling agency. It is good practice to plan to avoid such areas. If
penetration of such an area is planned, the controlling agency should be consulted as to the status of activity in the
area prior to any penetration.
For more information, see AIM 3-32 RESTRICTED AREAS
Warning Areas
These are areas outside the 3 mile limit from shore in international airspace. They are similar to Restricted Areas.
Activities which are unusual or may be dangerous to aircraft may be in progress. They cannot however be
designated as Restricted Areas since they are over international waters
Warning areas are also identified by a blue feathered box with a number (such as W-74). Information concerning
these areas is listed on the aeronautical charts in the same section as Restricted Areas. One should treat a Warning
Area the same as a Restricted area, and follow the same procedures.
For more information, see AIM 3-33. WARNING AREA
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