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picture" of Highs, Lows and Fronts.
l Forecasts are of the type
m Area Forecasts - this describes the weather patterns for a wide area, covering several states.
They are designated by as an "FA" type designator. They are issued 3 times a day, It
includes a 12 hour forecast plus a 6 hour outlook.
This link will connect you to the current National Weather Service Current Area Forecast
page.
m Terminal Forecasts (TAF) - these are forecasts made for large cities, and cover the general
area around the designated city. See the METAR and TAF link below for a more detailed
description. They are issued 3 times a day, and contain a 12 hour forecast plus a 6 hour
outlook.See the METAR/TAF conversion card definition for more information on TAF
report format and interpretation.
m Winds Aloft Forecasts (FD) - these are issued every 6 hours, and give the wind speed,
direction and temperature at certain designated cities at graduated altitudes. These are 3000,
6000, 9000, 12,000, 18,000, 24,000, 30,000, 34,000 and 39,000 feet altitude. The forecast
generally covers a fairly wide area around a central designated city. Click here for current
Winds Aloft Forecasts. They are needed to calculate Wind Correction Angle and Estimated
Groundspeed for your flight.
l Actual Weather Reports
m METAR reports are the hourly terminal aviation reportsof the actual weather conditions at
airports which have weather oberservation capability. The observation is usually made about
10 minutes before the hour, each hour. Therefore a report of actual weather conditions at the
reported airports is available every hour. See the METAR/TAF conversion card definition
for more information on METAR report format and interpretation. For actual current
briefing information, view the National Weather Bureau's Standard Briefing Page. Caution:
this is to be used for general information purposes only. You should get a formal pre-flight
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briefing from the FFS station in your area prior to your flight.
l Warnings and In-flight Reports
m PIREPS - Pilot Reports - These are in-flight reports made by pilots to ground stations
whenever the pilot encounters conditions which are significant to other pilots operating in
the area. They will usually report significant turbulence, change in weather conditions and
cloud tops, etc. These are available only through the FSS station, and should be given to
you, if applicable, during your Standard Weather Briefing.
m SIGMETS- Significant Meterological Reports - are issued to advise pilots of nonconvective
weather considered potetially hazardous to ALL aircraft. They include notification of
Severe Icing, Severe or Extreme Turbulence, Duststorms, Volcanic Ash, or Sandstorms
which lowers the in-flight or surface visibility below 3 Statute Miles. Volcanic eruption and
tropical storms and hurricanes are also included. They are valid for 4 hours.
m AIRMETS - These are reports of weather significant to light aircraft. They are valid for 6
hours. They indicate moderate Icing, moderate Turbulence, sustained Surface Winds of 30kt
or more, ceiling less than 1000 ft. or visibility less than 3 miles. Extensive Mountain
Obscurement is also included,
This link is a source for many types of Aviation related Images, Forecasts and Reports. See this link for
current SIGMETS and AIRMETS. This link will lead you to many National Weather Services. It
should give you the latest up-to-date information on weather services.
Back to Home Back to Table of Conents To Other Publications
Engine and Systems
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Other Publications
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
There are several additional publications of interest to the pilot. These are:
· Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD)
· Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)
· Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs)
All three of these publications are very important to the general knowledge of the pilot and to safe flight
operations. The AIM and A/FD should be a part of every pilot’s library.
Airport/Facility Directory
The A/FD is published every eight weeks by the National Ocean Service (NOS), a division of NOAA. It
is published for seven regions of the US.
1. Northwest
2. Southwest
3. North Central
4. South Central
5. East Central
6. Northeast
7. Southeast
The A/FD is a very important part of your flight planning.
Most airports which sell aeronautical charts and supplies will have the A/FD for their region. You may
order any of the directories from National Chart Services (such as Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc.) or order
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