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for these signs.
See AIM 2-37. INFORMATION SIGNS for further information.
Runway Distance Remaining Signs
Runway distance remaining signs have white numbers on a black background. They are placed along
side some runways to indicate remaining runway in thousands of feet.
See AIM 2-38. RUNWAY DISTANCE REMAINING SIGNS for additional information.
Other Sign and Lighting Information
Airport Info
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See Airport Markings Markings for runways and Taxiways.
for additional FAA information about airport signs, markings and aids.
Landing Indicators
A number of different wind and landing indicators are in use at airports. Virtually all airports have one or
more of these indicators.
A segmented circle will be located near the center of the airport.
The "L" shaped ears indicate landing pattern direction. The red
cone is called a wind sock and indicates wind direction. The
Tetrahedron (T) indicates the runway in use. It is usually manually
set.
Wind Indicators
· Wind Sock - This is a cone shaped fabric indicator showing the wind direction. It also provides some
measure of the wind velocity. The large open end of the cone faces the wind. Wind entering the open end
fills the cone with air and it becomes more erect. The direction of the wind is from the large toward the
small end of the cone. If the wind is calm, the cone will be limp. As wind velocity increases, the cone
becomes more erect (in a horizontal direction).
· Wind Tee - (not shown) This looks like a small airplane with a body, vertical tail fin, and a wing. It
orients with the wind with the wing on the upwind side and the tail downwind. The direction of the wind
tee suggests the landing direction.
· If there is no wind indicator, observe smoke from factories, ground fires, etc. These will indicate wind
direction. Also, the lee side of a lake (upwind direction) tends to be smooth.
Landing Indicators
A device called a Tetrahedron at some airports indicates the active runway. It is a pointed triangular
shaped object shown in the diagram above as (T). One end configured in a long point (the front end). The
rear end has a short, blunt triangular shape. Most are lighted to be visible at night. It is usually set into a
Airport Info
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fixed position by the airport personnel to indicate landing direction. It does not necessarially indicate true
wind direction. The pilot should not rely on a tetrahedron as a wind indicator. Some are fixed and are not
free to swing with the wind.
Segmented Circle
A dashed circle known as that Segmented Circle ( shown below) is located in a position near the center
of the airport. A wind cone, a tetrahedron or wind tee will be contained inside the circle. Outside the
circle are landing traffic pattern indicators (the “L” shaped objects).
Assume that there are 2 runways at this airport; one 9 - 27 (East/West) and the other 18 - 36
(South/North) The tetrahedron is set to indicate landing on runway 9 to the East. The wind cone indicates
the wind from the Southeast. The pattern indicators show the required direction of flight on the Base and
Final legs of the approach to the runway. Departure flight pattern is defined by the pattern indicator for
the departure end of the runway.
The traffic pattern indicators specify a left hand pattern for runways 9 (landing east shown by the
indicator at the left) and 36 (landing north shown by the indicator at the bottom). The other indicators
specify a right hand pattern for runways 27 (landing west as shown by the indicator on the right) and 18
(landing south as shown by the indicator on the top)
Traffic Pattern
The pattern of traffic around a non-controlled airport is as shown below.
Airport Info
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An aircraft taking off eastward on runway 9 and staying in the traffic pattern will turn Crosswind
(position 5) at approximately 400 feet above the runway, then Downwind to fly parallel the runway as
shown at number 2 at an altitude approximately 800 feet above the runway. (Note: Some airports
designate the pattern altitude to be 1000 feet.). Then when past the end of the runway will turn to Base
between positions 2 and 3, while descending. The aircraft will the turn to Final at position 3. This is
known as a Standard Left Hand Pattern. Also, according to the pattern indicators, a pattern for runway
36 is left hand. The downwind leg is on the west side of the airport, with all turns to the left.
The pattern indicators indicate landings on Runways 27 and 18 are right hand patterns. The
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