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(39° shown in red). If the direction of flight is from B to A, read the True Course in degrees on the inner
protractor scale (219). NOTE: When the True Course (TC) is toward the East, use the outer scale. If the TC is
toward the west, use the inner scale.
Aeronautical Chart Symbols
The following are some of the other symbols also shown on the aeronautical charts.
Airport Synbols
The symbols in Magenta are airports without a control tower. Symbols in Blue have a Control Tower.
Chart Symbols
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Paved airport with a runway longer than 8096 feet
Paved airport with longest runway less than 8096 feet.
Un-paved airport
Private airport
Heliport
Sea Plane Base
Obstruction Symbols
Obstruction symbols have two elevations shown near them. The one in BOLD letters (top number) is the
elevation above mean sea level (MSL). The smaller numbers enclosed in parenthesis (bottom number) indicate
the height above ground level (AGL). The symbols in the left hand column are less that 1000 feet AGL. The ones
on the right are above 1000 feet AGL.
Single Un-lighted Obstruction
Lighted Obstruction
Group of Obstructions
Radio Navigation Beacons
VHF OmniRange Beacon (VOR)
A VOR is indicated on the chart as a compass rose. It is oriented toward Magnetic
North, as indicated by the long arrow extending from the center to the zero degree
mark. An information box near the VOR Compass Rose provides information such
as the radio frequency, 3 letter Identification Code, and the morse code of the
identifier. There is other miscellaneous data that may be contained in the box.
There are 3 types of VOR Ranges. They are indicated at the center of the rose.
Symbol A. VOR with no distance measuring capability.
Symbol B. VOR-DME: A VOR with distance measuring capability.
Chart Symbols
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Symbol C. VORTAC: A VOR which has DME and military VORTAC capability.
For more detailed information on the VOR, see Aeronautical Information Manual:
Chapter 1-3 VOR
Chapter 1-4 VOR Receiver Check
Chapter 1-5 Military TACAN
Chapter 1-6 VORTAC
Chapter 1-7 Distance Measuring Equipment
Non-Directional Beacon (NDB)
A Non-directional Beacon is shown on the chart as a concentric series of Magenta colored dots, with the
center of the circle being the location of the radio station. A magenta colored box near the circle shown the
station name, the 2 or 3 letter station ID, and the morse code of the ID. This beacon is used by a navigation
instrument in the aircraft called an "Automatic Direction Finder" (ADF).
For detailed information, see Aeronautical Information Manual Ch. 1-2 NDB
Back to Home Back to Table of Conents To Airport Information
Chart Symbols
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Airport Info
Airport Information
Runways
There are a variety of runway types and markings. They range from sophisticated Instrument Landing
System runways to small grass strips. The FAA has established a standard set of markings identifying the
characteristics of the runway. Markings for runways are white. Markings on taxiways, closed or
hazardous areas, and holding positions are Yellow.
Runway Markings
A number of standardized markings exist on the surfaces of paved runways. The runway markings
identify whether the runway is equipped for Precision or Non-precision Instrument Approaches (IFR), or
whether only Visual approaches are allowed (VFR). A combination of the following marking elements
are used.
· Runway Number Designation
· Centerline Marking
· Threshold marking
· Aiming Point
· Touchdown Zone
· Side Stripes
Runway Numbering
Runway numbers and letters are determined based on the approach direction to the runway. The number
is the whole number nearest one-tenth the magnetic azimuth of the runway centerline. For example, a
runway with a magnetic heading from 035° through 044° is numbered 04. The third digit of the magnetic
heading is dropped. The range of numbers is from runway 01 through 36.
The letters “L”, “C”, or ”R” is added to the number to identify the runway as being the left, center or
right runway respectively. At some very large airports, there may be one set of parallel runways on one
side of the airport (say 27L and 27R). On the other side of the airport another set of runways may exist
with just one number difference (28L and 28R).
See AIM 2-31. AIRPORT MARKING AIDS for further information on airport markings from the
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