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VFR Holding Line
Holding positions where aircraft must hold before crossing or entering the runway are marked by two
dashed yellow lines nearest the runway, and two solid yellow lines are furthest from the runway. There
may also be a white runway number on a red painted square located in front of the double solid lines.
Do not cross until clearance is given by the tower at a controlled airport. At an un-controlled airport, do
not cross the solid lines until all aircraft are clear of the runway, no aircraft is on final approach. When
taxiing to a runway, do not cross the solid lines untilon final approach, and it is determined that takeoff
can be performed safely.
ILS Critical Holding Area
At larger airports where ILS instrument approaches are being made, taxiing aircraft should hold at the
ILS Holding position line. The lines are yellow in color. A red ILS Holding sign will be along side the
taxiway at this point. If the tower has instructed you to hold at the ILS Holding Line you should not taxi
beyond this point until cleared by the tower.
Airport Signs
See AIM 2-32. AIRPORT SIGNS for additional information on Airport Signs from the Aeronautical
Information Manual.
There are 5 types of signs used on airports. They are:
· Mandatory Instruction Signs
Airport Info
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· Location Signs
· Direction Signs
· Destination Sign
· Runway Distance Remaining Signs
Mandatory Instruction Signs
These signs are White lettering on a Red background.
Holding position signs are used on taxiways that intersect runways at a point other than at the runway
end. Holding position signs are also located at the yellow hold line on the taxiway at the end of the
respective runway. it may be necessary to hold aircraft at a position on the taxiway other than at the
runway end. These holding points prevent interference with landing or departing aircraft.
An ILS Critical Holding Area sign is used on taxiways serving a Precision Instrument Approach
runway. It is used to hold departing aircraft farther from the ILS runway when instrument landings are in
progress. It will be co-located with the ILS critical area taxiway marking.
A No Entry sign is used on taxiways with “one-way” traffic only, or at intersection with roadways that
could be confused for a taxiway.
For further information on Mandatory signs, see AIM 2-33. MANDATORY INSTRUCTION SIGNS
from the Aeronautical Information Manual.
Location Signs
Location signs are advisory in nature. They are yellow characters on a black background. They provide
visual assistance to pilots in determining location on the runway or taxiway, and helps them determine
when they have exited an area.
· Taxiway Location Signs. <BR> Alphabetic letters identifying taxiways.
· Runway Identification Signs.
This runway identification sign indicates the runway number on which
the aircraft is located..
See AIM 2-34. LOCATION SIGNS from the Aeronautical Information Manual for further data.
Direction Signs
These are signs of a general informative nature. They show exits to runways, directions to parking ramps,
etc. They are black letters or markings on a yellow background.
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Taxi Boundary Sign
This is a runway boundary sign, as seen by the pilot exiting a runway onto the taxiway. The aircraft is
“clear” of the runway after it has taxied beyond this sign.
ILS Critical Area Boundary Sign
This is an ILS Area Boundary sign. When the aircraft is exiting the runway, it is “clear” of the ILS
Critical Area when past this sign. The sign is co-located with the ILS Critical marking on the taxiway.
Exit Signs
Direction signs show how to exit from an intersection. When used on a runway to indicate an exit, the
sign is on the same side as the exit. They are black letters on a yellow background.
See AIM 2-35. DIRECTION SIGNS from the Aeronautical Information Manual for further information.
Destination Signs
These signs are black letters on a yellow background. They usually contain an arrow pointing to the
destination, sych as General Aviation Ramp, Terminal, Parking Area, etc.
See AIM 2-36. DESTINATION SIGNS for additional information on these signs.
Information Signs
General information signs have black characters on a yellow background.
They provide the pilot of about such things as areas hidden from the control tower view, applicable radio
frequencies, and noise abatement procedures. The airport operator determines the need, size and location
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