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get an amended clearance.
Your initial call to departure control will be something like this:
Memphis Departure, Shyhawk Five Six Two Three ALFA, climbing through One Thousand Niner
Hundred, westbound.
Departure may respond:
Roger Two Three ALFA, Radar contact. Turn left to Two Three Zero and climb to two thousand five
hundred.
After you are clear of the airport traffic area, the controller may terminate radar:
Two Three ALFA, radar service terminated. Resume your own navigation.
Radio Communication
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You respond:
Roger. Two Three ALFA Out.
The word “OUT” terminates the communication. However, often controllers and pilots will use “good
day” as a more congenial ending.
Approach Control
Approach Control is a radar service similar to Departure Control. Contact with Approach Control is
mandatory prior to entry into Class B and C airspace. On initial call-up, identify type and number of
aircraft, position, altitude and destination. The controller will respond with a “SQUAWK” code for the
transponder.
Example: The initial call-up can be:
Daytona Approach, Cherokee Six Five Two Three ROMEO, Saint Augustine VOR, Three Thousand
Five Hundred, inbound Daytona.
Response:
Cherokee Six Five Two Three ROMEO, this is Daytona Approach. Squawk Two Three One Five and
Ident.
You set the squawk code 2315 into the transponder, press the ident button, and respond:
Roger, Two Three One Five and ident.
After the controller identifies you on the radar screen, the controller will confirm:
Two Three ROMEO Radar Contact , Two miles south of Saint Augustine VOR. Descend to two
thousand five hundred.
You respond:
Roger, Two Three ROMEO descending to two thousand five hundred.
You acknowledge the instruction. The radar controller will continue to track your “blip” on the radar
screen, give traffic advisories as necessary, and may vector you into the downwind leg in the pattern. The
controller will then hand you off to the tower controller for landing instructions.
If you are flying through Class C airspace without landing, tell the controller the planned route of flight
and altitude you wish to maintain. Radar Flight Following will be granted outside the class B or C
airspace on a “workload permitting” basis upon pilot request. The radar surveillance usually can be
provided up to 20 or 30 miles from the radar site.
Transponder Operation
Radio Communication
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There have been a number of modes of transponder operation during it’s history. The mode now required
for operation in Class B and C airspace is Mode C. This mode couples an encoder in the altimeter which
reports the altitude in hundreds of feet. The Transponder also has 4 digital dials, each with numbers 0
through 7. Therefore, number combinations from 0000 to 7777 can be dialed in. This is called the
“SQUAWK code. The numbers 7500, 7600 , 7700 and 7777 are reserved for special use:
· 7700 - emergency
· 7600 - lost radio communications
· 7500 - code for hijacking
· 7777 - used by military
The transponder operates by receiving an interrogation signal from the radar station. It in turn returns
certain coded information back to the radar when the transponder is set for normal operation. The
SQUAWK code and the altitude in hundreds of feet are returned to the radar. The controllers radar scope
shows a “blip” on the radar screen along with the SQUAWK code and altitude.
A Mode C altitude reporting transponder is required:
· When flying at or above 10,000 feet
· When flying within Class B Mode C veil (30 Nm around a Class B airport). (Note: there are exceptions
for operations into smaller airports which lie within the 30 Nm veil).
· When flying in or above Class C airspace
· When crossing the U.S Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ).
The unit is equipped with a rotary switch with several positions.
· OFF - turns the transponder off
· STY - (Standby) - turns the transponder for warm-up. The transponder does NOT respond to the radar
interrogation signals.
· ON - Turns the transponder on and allows it to respond in Mode A (No altitude reporting). This shown
a blip on the radar screen but NO ALTITUDE DATA.
· ALT - Allows a reply in either Mode A ( no altitude report) or Mode C (altitude report) as requested by
the radar interrogating signal.
A button, called the IDENT BUTTON, when depressed sends a special identifying signal to the radar.
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