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no pilot may make a procedure turn unless, when final
approach clearance is received, the pilot so advises
ATC and a clearance is received to executive a
procedure turn.
8.2.2 When a teardrop procedure turn is depicted and
a course reversal is required, this type turn must be
executed.
8.2.3 When a holding pattern replaces a procedure
turn, the holding pattern must be followed, except
when RADAR VECTORING is provided or when
NoPT is shown on the approach course. The
recommended entry procedures will ensure the
aircraft remains within the holding pattern’s
protected airspace. As in the procedure turn, the
descent from the minimum holding pattern altitude to
the final approach fix altitude (when lower) may not
commence until the aircraft is established on the
inbound course. Where a holding pattern is
established in−lieu−of a procedure turn, the maximum
holding pattern airspeeds apply.
NOTE−
See paragraph 1.3.2.1, Airspeeds.
8.2.4 The absence of the procedure turn barb in the
plan view indicates that a procedure turn is not
authorized for that procedure.
9. RNP SAAAR Instrument Approach
Procedures
These procedures require authorization analogous to
the special authorization required for Category II or
III ILS procedures. Special aircraft and aircrew
authorization required (SAAAR) procedures are to
be conducted by aircrews meeting special training
requirements in aircraft that meet the specified
performance and functional requirements.
9.1 Unique characteristics of RNP SAAAR
Approaches
9.1.1 RNP value. Each published line of minima
has an associated RNP value. The indicated value
defines the lateral and vertical performance requirements.
A minimum RNP type is documented as part
of the RNP SAAAR authorization for each operator
and may vary depending on aircraft configuration or
operational procedures (e.g., GPS inoperative, use of
flight director vice autopilot).
9.1.2 Curved path procedures. Some RNP approaches
have a curved path, also called a
radius−to−a−fix (RF) leg. Since not all aircraft have
the capability to fly these arcs, pilots are responsible
for knowing if they can conduct an RNP approach
with an arc or not. Aircraft speeds, winds and bank
angles have been taken into consideration in the
development of the procedures.
9.1.3 RNP required for extraction or not.
Where required, the missed approach procedure may
use RNP values less than RNP−1. The reliability of
the navigation system has to be very high in order to
conduct these approaches. Operation on these
procedures generally requires redundant equipment,
as no single point of failure can cause loss of both
approach and missed approach navigation.
31 JULY 08
AIP ENR 1.5−13
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
9.1.4 Non−standard speeds or climb gradients.
RNP SAAAR approaches are developed based on
standard approach speeds and a 200 ft/NM climb
gradient in the missed approach. Any exceptions to
these standards will be indicated on the approach
procedure, and the operator should ensure they can
comply with any published restrictions before
conducting the operation.
9.1.5 Temperature Limits. For aircraft using
barometric vertical navigation (without temperature
compensation) to conduct the approach, low and
high−temperature limits are identified on the
procedure. Cold temperatures reduce the glidepath
angle while high temperatures increase the glidepath
angle. Aircraft using baro VNAV with temperature
compensation or aircraft using an alternate means for
vertical guidance (e.g., SBAS) may disregard the
temperature restrictions. The charted temperature
limits are evaluated for the final approach segment
only. Regardless of charted temperature limits or
temperature compensation by the FMS, the pilot may
need to manually compensate for cold temperature on
minimum altitudes and the decision altitude.
9.1.6 Aircraft size. The achieved minimums may
be dependent on aircraft size. Large aircraft may
require higher minimums due to gear height and/or
wingspan. Approach procedure charts will be
annotated with applicable aircraft size restrictions.
9.2 Types of RNP SAAAR Approach Operations
9.2.1 RNP Stand−alone Approach Operations.
RNP SAAAR procedures can provide access to
runways regardless of the ground−based NAVAID
infrastructure, and can be designed to avoid
obstacles, terrain, airspace, or resolve environmental
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