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ENR 1.4-6 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
within Class B airspace. (See ENR 1.1, paragraph 39,
Terminal Radar Service for VFR Aircraft.)
NOTE-
1. Separation and sequencing of VFR will be suspended in
the event of a power outage as this service is dependent on
radar. The pilot will be advised that the service is not
available and issued wind, runway information, and the
time or place to contact the tower.
2. Separation of VFR aircraft will be suspended during
Center Radar Presentation (CENRAP) Operations. Traffic
advisories and sequencing to the primary airport will be
provided on a workload permitting basis. The pilot will be
advised when CENRAP is in use.
2.3.5.1 VFR aircraft are separated from all VFR/IFR
aircraft which weigh 19,000 pounds or less by a
minimum of:
a) Target resolution; or
b) 500 feet vertical separation; or
c) Visual separation.
2.3.5.2 VFR aircraft are separated from all VFR/IFR
aircraft which weigh more than 19,000 and turbojets
by no less than:
a) 1 1/2 miles lateral separation; or
b) 500 feet vertical separation; or
c) Visual separation.
2.3.5.3 This program is not to be interpreted as
relieving pilots of their responsibilities to see and
avoid other traffic operating in basic VFR weather
conditions, to adjust their operations and flight path
as necessary to preclude serious wake encounters, to
maintain appropriate terrain and obstruction clearance,
or to remain in weather conditions equal to or
better than the minimums required by 14 CFR
Section 91.155. Approach control should be advised
and a revised clearance or instruction obtained when
compliance with an assigned route, heading, and/or
altitude is likely to compromise pilot responsibility
with respect to terrain and obstruction clearance,
vortex exposure, and weather minimums.
2.3.5.4 ATC may assign altitudes to VFR aircraft
that do not conform to 14 CFR Section 91.159.
“RESUME APPROPRIATE VFR ALTITUDES”
will be broadcast when the altitude assignment is no
longer needed for separation or when leaving Class B
airspace. Pilots must return to an altitude that
conforms to 14 CFR Section91.159.
2.3.5.5 Proximity Operations. VFR aircraft operating
in proximity to Class B airspace are cautioned
against operating too closely to the boundaries,
especially where the floor of the ClassB airspace is
3,000 feet or less above the surface or where VFR
cruise altitudes are at or near the floor of higher levels.
Observance of this precaution will reduce the
potential for encountering an aircraft operating at the
altitudes of Class B floors. Additionally, VFR aircraft
are encouraged to utilize the VFR Planning Chart as
a tool for planning flight in proximity to Class B
airspace. Charted VFR Flyway Planning charts are
published on the back of the existing VFR Terminal
Area Charts.
2.4 Class C Airspace
2.4.1 Definition. Generally, that airspace from the
surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation
(charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have
an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar
approach control, and that have a certain number of
IFR operations or passenger enplanements. Although
the configuration of each Class C airspace area is
individually tailored, the airspace usually consists of
a surface area with a 5 NM radius, and an outer area
with a 10 NM radius that extends no lower than
1,200feet up to 4,000 feet above the airport
elevation.
2.4.2 Outer Area. Class C airspace areas have a
procedural (nonregulatory) Outer Area. Normally
this area is 20 NM from the primary Class C airspace
airport. Its vertical limit extends from the lower limits
of radio/radar coverage up to the ceiling of the
approach control's delegated airspace, excluding the
Class C airspace itself, and other airspace as
appropriate. (This outer area is not charted.)
2.4.3 Charts. Class C airspace is charted on
Sectional Charts, IFR En Route Low Altitude, and
Terminal Area Charts where appropriate.
2.4.4 Operating Rules and Pilot Equipment
Requirements
2.4.4.1 Pilot Certification. No specific certification
required.
AIP ENR 1.4-7
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
2.4.4.2 Equipment
a) Two-way radio.
b) Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, an
operable radar beacon transponder with automatic
altitude reporting equipment.
NOTESee
Section ENR 1.1, paragraph 37.7, Transponder
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