曝光台 注意防骗
网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者
6level weather, storm cell locations and movement,
as well as the location and predicted future position
and intensity of wind shifts that may affect airport
operations. Controllers will receive and issue alerts
based on Areas Noted for Attention (ARENA). An
ARENA extends on the runway center line from a
3mile final to the runway to a 2 mile departure.
9.1.5An airport equipped with the LLWAS, ITWS,
or WSP is so indicated in the Airport/Facility
Directory under Weather Data Sources for that
particular airport.
10. Braking Action Reports and Advisories
10.1When available, ATC furnishes pilots the
quality of braking action received from pilots or
airport management. The quality of braking action is
described by the terms good," fair," poor," and
nil," or a combination of these terms. When pilots
report the quality of braking action by using the terms
noted above, they should use descriptive terms that
are easily understood, such as, braking action poor
the first/last half of the runway," together with the
particular type of aircraft.
10.2For NOTAM purposes, braking action reports
are classified according to the most critical term
(fair," poor," or nil") used and issued as a
NOTAM(D).
10.3When tower controllers have received runway
braking action reports which include the terms poor"
or nil" or whenever weather conditions are
conducive to deteriorating or rapidly changing
runway braking conditions, the tower will include on
the ATIS broadcast the statement, BRAKING
ACTION ADVISORIES ARE IN EFFECT."
10.4During the time that Braking Action Advisories
are in effect, ATC will issue the latest braking action
report for the runway in use to each arriving and
departing aircraft. Pilots should be prepared for
deteriorating braking conditions and should request
current runway condition information if not
volunteered by controllers. Pilots should also be
prepared to provide a descriptive runway condition
report to controllers after landing.
11. Runway Friction Reports and
Advisories
11.1Friction is defined as the ratio of the tangential
force needed to maintain uniform relative motion
between two contacting surfaces (aircraft tires to the
pavement surface) to the perpendicular force holding
them in contact (distributed aircraft weight to the
aircraft tire area). Simply stated, friction quantifies
slipperiness of pavement surfaces.
11.2The Greek letter MU (pronounced myew"), is
used to designate a friction value representing
runway surface conditions.
11.3MU (friction) values range from 0 to 100 where
zero is the lowest friction value and 100 is the
maximum friction value obtainable. For frozen
contaminants on runway surfaces, a MU value of
40or less is the level when the aircraft braking
performance starts to deteriorate and directional
control begins to be less responsive. The lower the
MU value, the less effective braking performance
becomes and the more difficult directional control
becomes.
11.4At airports with friction measuring devices,
airport management should conduct friction measurements
on runways covered with compacted snow
and/or ice.
11.4.1Numerical readings may be obtained by using
any FAA approved friction measuring device. As
these devices do not provide equal numerical
readings on contaminated surfaces, it is necessary to
designate the type of friction measuring device used.
11.4.2When the MU value for any one-third zone of
an active runway is 40 or less, a report should be given
to ATC by airport management for dissemination to
pilots. The report will identify the runway, the time of
measurement, the type of friction measuring device
used, MU values for each zone, and the contaminant
conditions, e.g., wet snow, dry snow, slush, deicing
chemicals, etc. Measurements for each one-third
zone will be given in the direction of takeoff and
landing on the runway. A report should also be given
when MU values rise above 40 in all zones of a
runway previously reporting a MU below 40.
11.4.3Airport management should initiate a
NOTAM(D) when the friction measuring device is
out of service.
ENR 1.1−10 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
11.4.4When MU reports are provided by airport
management, the ATC facility providing approach
control or local airport advisory will provide the
report to any pilot upon request.
11.4.5Pilots should use MU information with other
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：
AIP航行情报汇编2(4)
