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d)SQUAWK STANDBY.Switch transponder to
standby position.
e)SQUAWK LOW/NORMAL.Operate transponder
on low or normal sensitivity as specified.
Transponder is operated in NORMAL" position
unless ATC specified LOW." (ON" is used instead
of NORMAL" as a master control label on some
types of transponders.)
f)SQUAWK ALTITUDE.Activate Mode C
with automatic altitude reporting.
g)STOP ALTITUDE SQUAWK.Turn off
altitude reporting switch and continue transmitting
Mode C framing pulses. If your equipment does not
have this capability, turn off Mode C.
h)STOP SQUAWK (mode in use).Switch off
specified mode. (Use for military aircraft when the
controller is unaware if a military service requires the
aircraft to continue operating on another mode.)
i)STOP SQUAWK.Switch off transponder.
j)SQUAWK MAYDAY.Operate transponder in
the emergency position. (Mode A Code7700 for civil
transponder. Mode 3 Code 7700 and emergency
feature for military transponder.)
k)SQUAWK VFR.Operate radar beacon transponder
on code 1200 in the MODE A/3, or other
appropriate VFR code.
37.8Emergency Operation
37.8.1When an emergency occurs, the pilot of an
aircraft equipped with a coded radar beacon transponder
who desires to alert a ground radar facility to
an emergency condition and who cannot establish
communications without delay with an ATC facility
may adjust the transponder to reply on Mode A/3,
Code 7700.
37.8.2Pilots should understand that they may not be
within a radar coverage area and that, even if they are,
certain radar facilities are not yet equipped to
automatically recognize Code 7700 as an emergency
signal. Therefore, they should establish radio
communications with an ATC facility as soon as
possible.
37.9Radio Failure Operation
37.9.1Should the pilot of an aircraft equipped with
a coded radar beacon transponder experience a loss of
two−way radio capability the pilot should:
37.9.1.1Adjust the transponder to reply on
MODEA/3, Code 7600.
37.9.1.2Understand that the aircraft may not be in an
area of radar coverage.
AIP ENR 1.1−43
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
37.9.2Pilots should understand that they may not be
in an area of radar coverage. Also, many radar
facilities are not presently equipped to automatically
display Code 7600 and will interrogate 7600 only
when the aircraft is under direct radar control at the
time of radio failure. However, replying on
Code7700 first, increases the probability of early
detection of a radio failure condition.
37.10Radar Services
37.10.1Safety Alert
37.10.1.1A safety alert will be issued to pilots of
aircraft being controlled by ATC if the controller is
aware the aircraft is at an altitude which, in the
controller’s judgment, places the aircraft in unsafe
proximity to terrain, obstructions, or other aircraft.
The provision of this service is contingent upon the
capability of the controller to have an awareness of
situations involving unsafe proximity to terrain,
obstructions, and uncontrolled aircraft. The issuance
of a safety alert cannot be mandated, but it can be
expected on a reasonable, though intermittent, basis.
Once the alert is issued, it is solely the pilot’s
prerogative to determine what course of action, if any,
will be taken. This procedure is intended for use in
time critical situations where aircraft safety is in
question. Noncritical situations should be handled via
the normal traffic alert procedures.
37.10.2Terrain/Obstruction Alert
37.10.2.1Controllers will immediately issue an alert
to the pilots of aircraft under their control when they
recognize that the aircraft is at an altitude which, in
their judgment, may be in unsafe proximity to
terrain/obstructions. The primary method of detecting
unsafe proximity is through Mode C automatic
altitude reports.
EXAMPLE−
Low altitude alert, check your altitude immediately. The, as
appropriate, MEA/MVA/MOCA in your area is (altitude)
or, if past the final approach fix (nonprecision approach) or
the outer marker or fix used in lieu of the outer marker
(precision approach), the, as appropriate, MDA/DH (if
known) is (altitude).
37.10.2.2Terminal Automated Radar Terminal
System (ARTS) IIIA, Common ARTS (to include
ARTS IIIE and ARTS IIE) (CARTS), Micro En Route
Automated Radar Tracking System (MEARTS), and
Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System
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