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afterburner engines should advise ATC prior to
takeoff if they intend to use afterburning during their
climb to the en route altitude. Often, the controller
may be able to plan traffic to accommodate a high
performance climb and allow the aircraft to climb to
the planned altitude without restriction.
31.9If an expedite" climb or descent clearance is
issued by ATC, and the altitude to maintain is
subsequently changed or restated without an expedite
instruction, the expedite instruction is canceled.
Expedite climb/descent normally indicates to the
pilot that the approximate best rate of climb/descent
should be used without requiring an exceptional
change in aircraft handling characteristics. Normally
controllers will inform pilots of the reason for an
instruction to expedite.
32. IFR Separation Standards
32.1ATC effects separation of aircraft vertically by
assigning different altitudes; longitudinally by
providing an interval expressed in time or distance
between aircraft on the same, converging, or crossing
courses; and laterally by assigning different flight
paths.
32.2Separation will be provided between all aircraft
operating on IFR flight plans except during that part
of the flight (outside Class B airspace or a TRSA)
being conducted on a VFR−on−top/VFR conditions
clearance. Under these conditions, ATC may issue
traffic advisories, but it is the sole responsibility of the
pilot to be vigilant so as to see and avoid other aircraft.
32.3When radar is employed in the separation of
aircraft at the same altitude, a minimum of 3 miles
separation is provided between aircraft operating
within 40 miles of the radar antenna site, and 5 miles
between aircraft operating beyond 40 miles from the
antenna site. These minimums may be increased or
decreased in certain specific situations.
NOTE−
Certain separation standards are increased in the
terminalenvironment when Center Radar Arts
Presentation/Processing (CENRAP) is being utilized.
33. Speed Adjustments
33.1ATC will issue speed adjustments to pilots of
radar−controlled aircraft to achieve or to maintain
required or desired spacing.
33.2ATC will express all speed adjustments in terms
of knots based on indicated airspeed (IAS) in 10−knot
increments except that at or above FL 240 speeds may
be expressed in terms of Mach numbers in .01
increments. The use of Mach numbers is restricted to
turbojet aircraft with Mach meters.
33.3Pilots of aircraft in U.S. domestic Class A, B, C,
D, and E airspace complying with speed adjustments
should maintain a speed within plus or minus 10 knots
or 0.02 Mach number, whichever is less, of the
assigned speed.
33.4Pilots of aircraft in offshore controlled airspace
or oceanic controlled airspace shall adhere to the ATC
assigned airspeed and shall request ATC approval
before making any change thereto. If it is essential to
make an immediate temporary change in the Mach
number (e.g., due to turbulence), ATC shall be
notified as soon as possible. If it is not feasible to
maintain the last assigned Mach number during an en
route climb or descent due to aircraft performance,
advise ATC at the time of the request.
33.5When ATC assigns speed adjustments, it will be
in accordance with the following recommended
minimums:
33.5.1To aircraft operating between FL 280 and
10,000 feet, a speed not less than 250 knots or the
equivalent Mach number.
ENR 1.1−30 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
NOTE−
1.On a standard day the Mach numbers equivalent to
250knots CAS (subject to minor variations) are:
FL 240−0.6
FL 250−0.61
FL 260−0.62
FL 270−0.64
FL 280−0.65
FL 290−0.66.
2.When an operational advantage will be realized, speeds
lower than the recommended minima may be applied.
33.5.2To arriving turbojet aircraft operating below
10,000 feet, a speed not less than 210 knots, except
within 20 flying miles of the airport of intended
landing, a speed not less than 170knots.
33.5.3To arriving reciprocating engine or turboprop
aircraft within 20 flying miles of the runway
threshold of the airport of intended landing, a speed
not less than 150knots.
33.5.4Departures, for turbojet aircraft, a speed not
less than 230 knots; for reciprocating engine aircraft,
a speed not less than 150 knots.
33.6When ATC combines a speed adjustment with
a descent clearance, the sequence of delivery with the
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