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knowledge including aircraft performance characteristics,
type, weight, previous experience, wind
conditions, and aircraft tire type (i.e., bias ply vs.
radial constructed) to determine runway suitability.
11.4.6No correlation has been established between
MU values and the descriptive terms good," fair,"
poor," and nil" used in braking action reports.
12. Communications Prior to Departure
12.1Nontower Controlled Airports
12.1.1At airports not served by a FSS located on the
airport, the pilot in command should broadcast
his/her intentions on the prescribed frequency prior to
aircraft movement and departure.
12.1.2At airports served by a FSS located on the
airport, the pilot in command should obtain airport
advisory service prior to aircraft movement and
departure.
12.1.3Aircraft departing on an IFR clearance must
obtain the clearance prior to departure via telephone,
the appropriate FSS, or via direct communications
with the ATC facility issuing the clearance as
appropriate. An IFR clearance does not relieve the
pilot from the communication stated above prior to
aircraft movement and departure.
12.2Tower Controlled Airports
12.2.1Pilots of departing aircraft should communicate
with the control tower on the appropriate ground
control/clearance delivery frequency prior to starting
engines to receive engine start time, taxi, and/or
clearance information. Unless otherwise advised by
the tower, remain on the frequency during taxiing and
run up, then change to local control frequency when
ready to request takeoff clearance.
NOTE−
Refer to Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
for continuous broadcast of terminal information.
13. Gate Holding Due to Departure Delays
13.1Pilots should contact ground control/clearance
delivery prior to starting engines as gate hold
procedures will be in effect whenever departure
delays exceed or are anticipated to exceed 15minutes.
The sequence for departure will be maintained
in accordance with initial call up unless modified by
flow control restrictions. Pilots should monitor the
ground control/clearance delivery frequency for
engine startup advisories or new proposed start time
if the delay changes.
13.2The tower controller will consider that pilots of
turbine−powered aircraft are ready for takeoff when
they reach the runway/warm−up block unless advised
otherwise.
14. Taxiing
14.1General.Approval must be obtained prior to
moving an aircraft or vehicle onto the movement area
during the hours an airport traffic control tower is in
operation.
14.1.1Always state your position on the airport
when calling the tower for taxi instructions.
14.1.2The movement area is normally described in
local bulletins issued by the airport manager or
control tower. These bulletins may be found in FSSs,
fixed base operators offices, air carrier offices, and
operations offices.
14.1.3The control tower also issues bulletins
describing areas where they cannot provide airport
traffic control service due to nonvisibility or other
reasons.
14.1.4A clearance must be obtained prior to taxiing
on a runway, taking off, or landing during the hours
an airport traffic control tower is in operation.
14.1.5When ATC clears an aircraft to taxi to" an
assigned takeoff runway, the absence of holding
instructions authorizes the aircraft to cross" all
runways which the taxi route intersects except the
assigned takeoff runway. It does not include
authorization to taxi onto" or cross" the assigned
takeoff runway at any point. In order to preclude
misunderstandings in radio communications, ATC
will not use the word cleared" in conjunction with
authorization for aircraft to taxi.
14.1.6In the absence of holding instructions, a
clearance to taxi to" any point other than an assigned
takeoff runway is a clearance to cross all runways that
intersect the taxi route to that point.
AIP ENR 1.1−11
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
14.1.7ATC will first specify the runway, issue taxi
instructions, and then state any required hold short
instructions, when authorizing an aircraft to taxi for
departure. This does not authorize the aircraft to
enter or cross" the assigned departure runway at
any point. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ARE
REQUIRED TO OBTAIN FROM THE PILOT A
READBACK OF ALL RUNWAY HOLD SHORT
INSTRUCTIONS.
14.1.8If a pilot is expected to hold short of a runway
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