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unless advised otherwise by ATC. Only those
navigational aids established for use in a particular
structure; i.e., in the low or high structures, may be
used to define the en route phase of a direct flight
within that structure.
5.3.2 The azimuth feature of VOR aids and the
azimuth and distance (DME) features of VORTAC
and TACAN aids are assigned certain frequency
protected areas of airspace which are intended for
application to established airway and route use, and
to provide guidance for planning flights outside of
established airways or routes. These areas of airspace
are expressed in terms of cylindrical service volumes
of specified dimensions called “class limits” or
“categories.”
5.3.3 An operational service volume has been
established for each class in which adequate signal
coverage and frequency protection can be assured. To
facilitate use of VOR, VORTAC, or TACAN aids,
consistent with their operational service volume
limits, pilot use of such aids for defining a direct route
of flight in Class A, B, C, D, and E airspace should not
exceed the following:
5.3.3.1 Operations above Flight Level 450. Use aids
not more than 200 nautical miles apart. These aids are
depicted on En Route High Altitude Charts.
5.3.3.2 Operation off established routes from
18,000feet MSL to Flight Level 450. Use aids not
more than 260 nautical miles apart. These aids are
depicted on En Route High Altitude Charts.
5.3.3.3 Operation off established airways below
18,000 feet MSL. Use aids not more than 80 nautical
miles apart. These aids are depicted on En Route Low
Altitude Charts.
5.3.3.4 Operation off established airways between
14,500 feet MSL and 17,999 feet MSL in the
conterminous United States. (H) facilities not more
than 200 NM apart may be used.
5.3.4 Increasing use of self-contained airborne
navigational systems which do not rely on the
VOR/VORTAC/TACAN system has resulted in pilot
requests for direct routes which exceed NAVAID
service volume limits. These direct route requests
will be approved only in a radar environment, with
approval based on pilot responsibility for navigation
on the authorized direct route. “Radar flight
following” will be provided by ATC for air traffic
control purposes.
5.3.5 At times, ATC will initiate a direct route in a
radar environment which exceeds NAVAID service
volume limits. In such cases ATC will provide radar
monitoring and navigational assistance as necessary.
5.3.6 Airway or jet route numbers, appropriate to the
stratum in which operation will be conducted, may
also be included to describe portions of the route to be
flown.
EXAMPLEMDW
V262 BDF V10 BRL STJ SLN GCK
Spelled out: from Chicago Midway Airport via Victor 262
to Bradford, Victor 10 to Burlington, Iowa, direct St.
Joseph, Missouri, direct Salina, Kansas, direct Garden
City, Kansas.
NOTEWhen
route of flight is described by radio fixes, the pilot
will be expected to fly a direct course between the points
named.
5.3.7 Pilots are reminded that they are responsible
for adhering to obstruction clearance requirements on
those segments of direct routes that are outside of
Class A, B, C, D, and E airspace. The MEAs and other
altitudes shown on Low Altitude IFR En Route
Charts pertain to those route segments within
ClassA, B, C, D, and E airspace, and those altitudes
may not meet obstruction clearance criteria when
operating off those routes.
5.4 Area Navigation (RNAV)
5.4.1 Random RNAV routes can only be approved in
a radar environment. Factors that will be considered
by ATC in approving random RNAV routes include
the capability to provide radar monitoring and
compatibility with traffic volume and flow. ATC will
radar monitor each flight; however, navigation on the
random RNAV route is the responsibility of the pilot.
5.4.2 Pilots of aircraft equipped with approved area
navigation equipment may file for RNAV routes
throughout the National Airspace System and may be
filed for in accordance with the following procedures.
AIP ENR 1.10−11
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
5.4.2.1File airport to airport flight plans.
5.4.2.2File the appropriate RNAV capability
certification suffix in the flight plan.
5.4.2.3Plan the random route portion of the flight
plan to begin and end over appropriate arrival and
departure transition fixes or appropriate navigation
aids for the altitude stratum within which the flight
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