曝光台 注意防骗
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assist the pilot in the visual acquisition of intruder
aircraft. No recommended avoidance maneuvers are
provided nor authorized as a direct result of a TCAS
I warning. It is intended for use by smaller commuter
aircraft holding 10 to 30 passenger seats, and general
aviation aircraft.
43.2 TCAS II provides traffic advisories (TAs) and
resolution advisories (RAs). RAs provide recommended
maneuvers in a vertical direction (climb or
descend only) to avoid conflicting traffic. Airline
aircraft, and larger commuter and business aircraft
holding 31 passenger seats or more, use TCAS II
equipment.
43.3 Each pilot who deviates from an ATC clearance
in response to a TCAS II RA shall notify ATC of that
deviation as soon as practicable and expeditiously
return to the current ATC clearance when the traffic
conflict is resolved.
43.4 Deviations from rules, policies, or clearances
should be kept to the minimum necessary to satisfy a
TCAS II RA.
43.5 The serving IFR air traffic facility is not
responsible for providing approved standard IFR
separation to an aircraft after a TCAS II RA maneuver
until one of the following conditions exists:
43.5.1 The aircraft has returned to its assigned
altitude and course.
43.5.2 Alternate ATC instructions have been issued.
43.6 TCAS does not alter or diminish the pilot's
basic authority and responsibility to ensure safe
flight. Since TCAS does not respond to aircraft which
are not transponder equipped or aircraft with a
transponder failure, TCAS alone does not ensure safe
separation in every case.
43.7 At this time, no air traffic service nor handling
is predicated on the availability of TCAS equipment
in the aircraft.
44. Heavy Traffic Around Military Fields
44.1 Pilots are advised to exercise vigilance when in
close proximity to most military airports. These
airports may have jet aircraft traffic patterns
extending up to 2,500 feet above the surface. In
addition, they may have an unusually heavy
concentration of jet aircraft operating within a
25-nautical mile radius and from the surface to all
altitudes. The precautionary note also applies to the
larger civil airports.
45. Traffic Information Service (TIS)
45.1 Introduction
The Traffic Information Service (TIS) provides
information to the cockpit via data link, that is similar
to VFR radar traffic advisories normally received
over voice radio. Among the first FAA-provided data
services, TIS is intended to improve the safety and
efficiency of “see and avoid” flight through an
automatic display that informs the pilot of nearby
traffic and potential conflict situations. This traffic
display is intended to assist the pilot in visual
acquisition of these aircraft. TIS employs an
enhanced capability of the terminal Mode S radar
system, which contains the surveillance data, as well
as the data link required to “uplink” this information
to suitably-equipped aircraft (known as a TIS
“client”). TIS provides estimated position, altitude,
altitude trend, and ground track information for up to
8 intruder aircraft within 7 NM horizontally,
+3,500and -3,000 feet vertically of the client aircraft
(see FIG ENR 1.1-27, TIS Proximity Coverage
Volume). The range of a target reported at a distance
greater than 7NM only indicates that this target will
be a threat within 34 seconds and does not display a
precise distance. TIS will alert the pilot to aircraft
(under surveillance of the Mode S radar) that are
estimated to be within 34 seconds of potential
collision, regardless of distance of altitude. TIS
surveillance data is derived from the same radar used
by ATC; this data is uplinked to the client aircraft on
each radar scan (nominally every 5 seconds).
45.2 Requirements
45.2.1 In order to use TIS, the client and any intruder
aircraft must be equipped with the appropriate
30 AUG 07
AIP ENR 1.1-67
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
cockpit equipment and fly within the radar coverage
of a Mode S radar capable of providing TIS.
Typically, this will be within 55 NM of the sites
depicted in FIG ENR 1.1-28, Terminal Mode S
Radar Sites. ATC communication is not a requirement
to receive TIS, although it may be required by
the particular airspace or flight operations in which
TIS is being used.
FIG ENR 1.1-27
TIS Proximity Coverage Volume
FIG ENR 1.1-28
Terminal Mode S Radar Sites
30 AUG 07
ENR 1.1-68 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
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