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(STARS) facilities have an automated function
which, if operating, alerts controllers when a tracked
Mode C equipped aircraft under their control is below
or is predicted to be below a predetermined minimum
safe altitude. This function, called Minimum Safe
Altitude Warning (MSAW), is designed solely as a
controller aid in detecting potentially unsafe aircraft
proximity to terrain/obstructions. The ARTS IIIA,
CARTS, MEARTS, and STARS facility will, when
MSAW is operating, provide MSAW monitoring for
all aircraft with an operating Mode C altitude
encoding transponder that are tracked by the system
and are:
a)Operating on a IFR flight plan.
b)Operating VFR and have requested MSAW
monitoring.
37.10.2.3Terminal AN/TPX−42A (number beacon
decoder system) facilities have an automated
function called Low Altitude Alert System (LAAS).
Although not as sophisticated as MSAW, LAAS
alerts the controller when a Mode C transponder
equipped aircraft operating on a IFR flight plan is
below a predetermined minimum safe altitude.
NOTE−
Pilots operating VFR may request MSAW or LAAS
monitoring if their aircraft are equipped with Mode C
transponders.
EXAMPLE−
Apache Three Three Papa requests MSAW/LAAS.
37.10.3Aircraft Conflict Alert
37.10.3.1Controllers will immediately issue an alert
to the pilots of aircraft under their control if they are
aware of an aircraft that is not under their control at
an altitude which, in the controller’s judgment, places
both aircraft in unsafe proximity to each other. With
the alert, when feasible, the controller will offer the
pilot the position of the traffic if time permits and an
alternate course(s) of action. Any alternate course of
action the controller may recommend to the pilot will
be predicated only on other traffic in the controller’s
jurisdiction.
EXAMPLE−
American Three, traffic alert, (position of traffic, if time
permits), advise you turn right/left heading (degrees)
and/or climb/descend to (altitude) immediately.
ENR 1.1−44 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
37.10.4Radar Traffic Information Service
(RTIS)
37.10.4.1This is a service provided by radar ATC
facilities. Pilots receiving this service are advised of
any radar target observed on the radar display which
may be in such proximity to the position of their
aircraft or its intended route of flight that it warrants
their attention. This service is not intended to relieve
the pilot of the responsibility for continual vigilance
to see and avoid other aircraft.
a)Purpose of this Service
1)The issuance of traffic information as
observed on a radar display is based on the principle
of assisting and advising a pilot that a particular radar
target’s position and track indicates it may intersect or
pass in such proximity to the intended flight path that
it warrants the pilot’s attention. This is to alert the
pilot to the traffic, to be on the lookout for it, and
thereby be in a better position to take appropriate
action should the need arise.
2)Pilots are reminded that the surveillance
radar used by ATC does not provide altitude
information unless the aircraft is equipped with
ModeC and the radar facility is capable of displaying
altitude information.
b)Provisions of the Service
1)Many factors, such as limitations of the radar,
volume of traffic, controller workload, and communications
frequency congestion could prevent the
controller from providing this service. Controllers
possess complete discretion for determining whether
they are able to provide or continue to provide this
service in a specific case. The controller’s reason
against providing or continuing to provide the service
in a particular case is not subject to question nor need
it be communicated to the pilot. In other words, the
provision of this service is entirely dependent upon
whether controllers believe they are in a position to
provide it. Traffic information is routinely provided
to all aircraft operating on IFR flight plans except
when the pilot declines the service, or the pilot is
operating within Class A airspace. Traffic information
may be provided to flights not operating on IFR
Flight Plans when requested by pilots of such flights.
NOTE−
Radar ATC facilities normally display and monitor both
primary and secondary radar when it is available, except
that secondary radar may be used as the sole display
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