曝光台 注意防骗
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runway at least 35 feet above the departure end of
runway elevation, climbing to 400 feet above the
departure end of runway elevation before making the
initial turn, and maintaining a minimum climb
gradient of 200 feet per nautical mile (FPNM), unless
required to level off by a crossing restriction, until the
minimum IFR altitude. A greater climb gradient may
be specified in the DP to clear obstacles or to achieve
an ATC crossing restriction. If an initial turn higher
than 400 feet above the departure end of runway
elevation is specified in the DP, the turn should be
commenced at the higher altitude. If a turn is
specified at a fix, the turn must be made at that fix.
Fixes may have minimum and/or maximum crossing
altitudes that must be adhered to prior to passing the
fix. In rare instances, obstacles that exist on the
extended runway centerline may make an “early
turn” more desirable than proceeding straight ahead.
In these cases, the published departure instructions
will include the language “turn left(right) as soon as
practicable.” These departures will also include a
ceiling and visibility minimum of at least 300 and 1.
Pilots encountering one of these DPs should preplan
the climb out to gain altitude and begin the turn as
quickly as possible within the bounds of safe
operating practices and operating limitations. This
type of departure procedure is being phased out.
NOTE−
“Practical” or “feasible” may exist in some existing
departure text instead of “practicable.”
35.3.2 The 40:1 obstacle identification surface (OIS)
begins at the departure end of runway (DER) and
slopes upward at 152 FPNM until reaching the
minimum IFR altitude or entering the en route
structure. This assessment area is limited to 25 NM
from the airport in nonmountainous areas and 46 NM
in designated mountainous areas. Beyond this
distance, the pilot is responsible for obstacle
clearance if not operating on a published route, if
below (having not reached) the MEA or MOCA of a
published route, or an ATC assigned altitude. See
FIG ENR 1.5−34. (Ref 14 CFR 91.177 for further
information on en route altitudes.)
NOTE−
ODPs are normally designed to terminate within these
distance limitations, however, some ODPs will contain
routes that may exceed 25/46 NM; these routes will insure
obstacle protection until reaching the end of the ODP.
35.3.3 Obstacles that are located within 1 NM of the
DER and penetrate the 40:1 OCS are referred to as
“low, close−in obstacles.” The standard required
obstacle clearance (ROC) of 48 feet per NM to clear
these obstacles would require a climb gradient greater
than 200 feet per NM for a very short distance, only
until the aircraft was 200 feet above the DER. To
eliminate publishing an excessive climb gradient, the
obstacle AGL/MSL height and location relative to the
DER is noted in the “Take−off Minimums and
(OBSTACLE) Departure Procedures” section of a
given Terminal Procedures Publication (TPP)
booklet. The purpose of this note is to identify the
obstacle(s) and alert the pilot to the height and
location of the obstacle(s) so they can be avoided.
This can be accomplished in a variety of ways, e.g.,
the pilot may be able to see the obstruction and
maneuver around the obstacle(s) if necessary; early
liftoff/climb performance may allow the aircraft to
cross well above the obstacle(s); or if the obstacle(s)
cannot be visually acquired during departure,
preflight planning should take into account what
turns or other maneuver may be necessary
immediately after takeoff to avoid the obstruction(s).
13104 AJFUUELBGY 0 00878
AIP ENR 1.5−67
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
FIG ENR 1.5−34
Diverse Departure Obstacle Assessment to 25/46 NM
35.3.4 Climb gradients greater than 200 FPNM are
specified when required for obstacle clearance and/or
ATC required crossing restrictions.
EXAMPLE−
“Cross ALPHA intersection at or below 4000; maintain
6000.” The pilot climbs at least 200 FPNM to 6000. If 4000
is reached before ALPHA, the pilot levels off at 4000 until
passing ALPHA; then immediately resumes at least
200 FPNM climb.
35.3.5 Climb gradients may be specified only to an
altitude/fix, above which the normal gradient applies.
EXAMPLE−
“Minimum climb 340 FPNM to ALPHA.” The pilot climbs
at least 340 FPNM to ALPHA, then at least 200 FPNM to
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