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services and are provided to ALL aircraft. There are
two types of Safety Alerts, Terrain/Obstruction Alert
and Aircraft Conflict/Mode Intruder Alert.
2.1.6.1 Terrain/Obstruction Alert. A Terrain/Obstruction
Alert is issued when, in the controller's
judgment, an aircraft's altitude places it in unsafe
proximity to terrain and/or obstructions.
TBL ENR 1.4-3
Airspace Classes
MSL - mean sea level
AGL - above ground level
FL - flight level
CLASS
CLASS C
CLASS E
CLASS D
CLASS G CLASS G CLASS G
Nontowered
Airport
FL 600
18,000 MSL
14,500 MSL
700 AGL 1,200 AGL
CLASS A
ENR 1.4-4 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
2.1.6.2 Aircraft Conflict/Mode C Intruder Alert.
An Aircraft Conflict/Mode C Intruder Alert is issued
if the controller observes another aircraft which
places it in an unsafe proximity. When feasible, the
controller will offer the pilot an alternative course of
action.
2.1.7 Ultralight Vehicles. No person may operate
an ultralight vehicle within Class A, Class B, ClassC,
or Class D airspace or within the lateral boundaries of
the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an
airport unless that person has prior authorization from
the ATC facility having jurisdiction over that
airspace. (See 14 CFR Part 103.)
2.1.8 Unmanned Free Balloons. Unless otherwise
authorized by ATC, no person may operate an
unmanned free balloon below 2,000 feet above the
surface within the lateral boundaries of Class B,
ClassC, ClassD, or Class E airspace designated for
an airport. (See 14 CFR Part 101.)
2.1.9 Parachute Jumps. No person may make a
parachute jump, and no pilot in command may allow
a parachute jump to be made from that aircraft, in or
into ClassA, Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace
without, or in violation of, the terms of an ATC
authorization issued by the ATC facility having
jurisdiction over the airspace. (See 14 CFR Part 105.)
2.2 Class A Airspace
2.2.1 Definition. Generally, that airspace from
18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL 600,
including the airspace overlying the waters within
12nautical miles of the coast of the 48 contiguous
States and Alaska; and designated international
airspace beyond 12 nautical miles of the coast of the
48 contiguous States and Alaska within areas of
domestic radio navigational signal or ATC radar
coverage, and within which domestic procedures are
applied.
2.2.2 Operating Rules and Pilot/Equipment
Requirements. Unless otherwise authorized, all
persons must operate their aircraft under IFR.
REFERENCE-
14 CFR Section 71.33 and Sections 91.167 through 91.193.
2.2.3 Charts. Class A airspace is not specifically
charted.
2.3 Class B Airspace
2.3.1 Definition. Generally, that airspace from the
surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation's
busiest airports in terms of IFR operations or
passenger enplanements. The configuration of each
Class B airspace area is individually tailored and
consists of a surface area and two or more layers
(some Class B airspace areas resemble upside-down
wedding cakes), and is designed to contain all
published instrument procedures once an aircraft
enters the airspace. An ATC clearance is required for
all aircraft to operate in the area, and all aircraft that
are so cleared receive separation services within the
airspace. The cloud clearance requirement for VFR
operations is “clear of clouds.”
2.3.2 Operating Rules and Pilot/Equipment
Requirements for VFR Operations. Regardless of
weather conditions, an ATC clearance is required
prior to operating within Class B airspace. Pilots
should not request a clearance to operate within
ClassB airspace unless the requirements of 14 CFR
Section91.215 and Section91.131 are met. Included
among these requirements are:
2.3.2.1 Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, aircraft
must be equipped with an operable two-way radio
capable of communicating with ATC on appropriate
frequencies for that Class B airspace.
2.3.2.2 No person may take off or land a civil aircraft
at the following primary airports within Class B
airspace unless the pilot in command holds at least a
private pilot certificate:
a) Andrews Air Force Base, MD.
b) Atlanta Hartsfield Airport, GA.
c) Boston Logan Airport, MA.
d) Chicago O'Hare Intl. Airport, IL.
e) Dallas/Fort Worth Intl. Airport, TX.
f) Los Angeles Intl. Airport, CA.
g) Miami Intl. Airport, FL.
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