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routes or airspace. The following paragraphs identify
and clarify the functionality of each type of route, and
specify where and when an ATC clearance is
required.
4.2.1VFR Flyways
4.2.1.1VFR Flyways and their associated Flyway
Planning charts were developed from the recommendations
of a National Airspace Review Task Group.
A VFR Flyway is defined as a general flight path not
defined as a specific course, for use by pilots in
planning flights into, out of, through, or near complex
terminal airspace to avoid Class B airspace. An ATC
clearance is NOT required to fly these routes.
4.2.1.2VFR Flyways are depicted on the reverse
side of some of the VFR Terminal Area Charts
(TACs), commonly referred to as Class B airspace
charts. Eventually all TACs will include a VFR
Flyway Planning Chart. These charts identify VFR
flyways designed to help VFR pilots avoid major
controlled traffic flows. They may further depict
multiple VFR routings throughout the area which
may be used as an alternative to flight within Class B
airspace. The ground references provide a guide for
improved visual navigation. These routes are not
intended to discourage requests for VFR operations
within Class B airspace but are designed solely to
assist pilots in planning for flights under and around
busy Class B airspace without actually entering
ClassB airspace.
4.2.1.3It is very important to remember that these
suggested routes are not sterile of other traffic. The
entire Class B airspace, and the airspace underneath
it, may be heavily congested with many different
types of aircraft. Pilot adherence to VFR rules must
be exercised at all times. Further, when operating
beneath Class B airspace, communications must be
established and maintained between your aircraft and
any control tower while transiting the Class B,
ClassC, and Class D surface areas of those airports
under Class B Airspace.
4.2.2VFR Corridors
4.2.2.1The design of a few of the first Class B
airspace areas provided a corridor for the passage of
uncontrolled traffic. A VFR corridor is defined as
airspace through Class B airspace, with defined
vertical and lateral boundaries, in which aircraft may
operate without an ATC clearance or communication
with air traffic control.
4.2.2.2These corridors are, in effect, a hole"
through Class B airspace. (See FIG ENR 1.4−1.) A
classic example would be the corridor through the
Los Angeles Class B airspace, which has been
subsequently changed to Special Flight Rules
airspace (SFR). A corridor is surrounded on all sides
by ClassB airspace and does not extend down to the
surface like a VFR Flyway. Because of their finite
lateral and vertical limits, and the volume of VFR
traffic using a corridor, extreme caution and vigilance
must be exercised.
ENR 1.4−12 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
FIG ENR 1.4−1
Class B Airspace
4.2.2.3Because of the heavy traffic volume and the
procedures necessary to efficiently manage the flow
of traffic, it has not been possible to incorporate VFR
corridors in the development or modifications of
ClassB airspace in recent years.
4.2.3Class B Airspace VFR Transition Routes
4.2.3.1To accommodate VFR traffic through certain
Class B airspace, such as Seattle, Phoenix, and Los
Angeles, Class B Airspace VFR Transition Routes
were developed. A Class B Airspace VFR Transition
Route is defined as a specific flight course depicted
on a Terminal Area Chart (TAC) for transiting a
specific Class B airspace. These routes include
specific ATC assigned altitudes, and pilots must
obtain an ATC clearance prior to entering Class B
airspace on the route.
4.2.3.2These routes, as depicted in FIG ENR 1.4−2,
are designed to show the pilot where to position
his/her aircraft outside of, or clear of, the Class B
airspace where an ATC clearance can normally be
expected with minimal or no delay. Until ATC
authorization is received, pilots must remain clear of
Class B airspace. On initial contact, pilots should
advise ATC of their position, altitude, route name
desired, and direction of flight. After a clearance is
received, the pilot must fly the route as depicted and,
most importantly, adhere to ATC instructions.
4.3Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA)
4.3.1Background.The terminal radar service
areas (TRSAs) were originally established as part of
the Terminal Radar Program at selected airports.
TRSAs were never controlled airspace from a
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